Hong Kong BNO Migrants Panel Survey

香港 BNO 移民追踪调查

• 批准号: ES/X003736/1
• 负责人: Tak-Wing Chan
• 金额: $ 117.08万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX003736%2F1
• 关键词: Hong; Kong; BNO; Migrants; Panel

In response to the erosion of political rights and, in particular, the imposition of a National Security Law in Hong Kong, the Home Office announced in October 2020 that all Hong Kong residents with British National Overseas (BNO) status and their close family members could apply for visas to move to the UK. Up to 5.4 million of Hong Hong's 7.5 million residents are potentially eligible under the BNO scheme. This gives them the right to work in the UK and provides a path to full British citizenship. This announcement represents a radical shift in UK immigration policy. Previously, BNOs (despite the name) had very limited rights. In the wake of the Tiananmen Square massacre, 50,000 Hong Kong residents and their family members were given the right of abode in the UK, against the background of substantial political opposition. By contrast, this much more wide-ranging scheme has so far been largely uncontroversial. There is huge uncertainty about the take-up of the scheme. The Home Office estimates that between 123,000 and 153,700 people might come to the UK in the first year, and between 258,000 and 322,400 people over the first five years. It also gives a plausible upper-bound estimate of one million. The limited data that is available so far suggests that flows have been significant. There were 103,990 BNO visa applications between 31 January 2021 and 31 December 2021. With the BNO scheme, we are witnessing one of the largest migrant inflows to the UK from a single source country ever recorded. The number of Hong Kong-born residents in the UK could triple or even quadruple within a few years. The Windrush generation of the 1950s and 1960s, the East African Asians of the 1960s and 1970s, and the Central and Eastern European migrants from the mid-2000s have all made lasting changes to the social fabrics of the UK. We believe the arrival of the BNO migrants will also bring profound social, economic, and perhaps political changes in Britain in the decades to come. How will the BNOs fare, socially and economically, in the UK? What are their needs and experience? How do they compare with members of other migrant/minority ethnic groups? How many of the BNOs will return to Hong Kong after a few years? At this point we do not have systematic, reliable, and representative data that will allow us answer these questions with confidence. To fill in the gap, we will design and implement a survey of the Hong Kong BNO migrants in the UK. With the cooperation of the Home Office, we will be able to draw a representative sample of 2,000 BNO migrants. We will interview them three times over three years. This survey will give us information about the BNOs as they arrive. It will also tell us their evolving outcomes and trajectories as they settle in the country. To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic, longitudinal, social science study that tracks a major migrant group (almost) from the time of their arrival in the UK. We will analyse the BNOs' integration into the UK economy and society, with research strands covering topics such as labour market outcomes, migration processes and intentions, discrimination, social networks, and social cohesion. Our data will become a rich resource for other scholars and policy analysts in the field of migration research. This project will deepen our understanding of the BNOs and of the process of migrant integration in general.

为了应对政治权利的侵蚀，特别是在香港实施《国家安全法》，内政部于2020年10月宣布，所有拥有英国国民海外(BNO)身份的香港居民及其近亲都可以申请签证前往英国。在香港750万居民中，多达540万人有可能符合英国国民(海外)计划的资格。这使他们有权在英国工作，并提供了获得正式英国公民身份的途径。这一声明代表着英国移民政策的根本性转变。以前，BNO(尽管名字叫BNO)拥有非常有限的权利。在广场屠杀事件发生后，5万名香港居民及其家人在政治上遭到强烈反对的背景下，获得了在英国的居留权。相比之下，到目前为止，这一范围更广的计划基本上没有争议。该计划能否被采纳存在巨大的不确定性。内政部估计，第一年可能会有12.3万到15.37万人来到英国，前五年可能会有25.8万到32.24万人来到英国。它还给出了一个貌似合理的上限估计为100万。到目前为止可获得的有限数据表明，资金流动是巨大的。2021年1月31日至2021年12月31日期间，共有103,990份英国国民(BNO)签证申请。在英国国民(BNO)计划下，我们见证了有史以来从单一来源国涌入英国的最大规模的移民之一。在香港出生的英国居民数量可能会在几年内增加两倍甚至四倍。20世纪50年代和60年代的Windrush一代，60年代和70年代的东非亚洲人，以及2000年代中期的中东欧移民，都给英国的社会结构带来了持久的变化。我们相信，BNO移民的到来也将在未来几十年给英国带来深刻的社会、经济甚至政治变化。在英国，BNO在社会和经济上的表现如何？他们的需求和经验是什么？他们与其他移民/少数族裔群体的成员相比如何？几年后，有多少英国国民(海外)会回港？在这一点上，我们没有系统的、可靠的和有代表性的数据来使我们能够自信地回答这些问题。为了填补这一空白，我们将设计并实施一项针对在英国的香港英国国民(BNO)移民的调查。在内政部的合作下，我们将能够抽取具有代表性的2000名BNO移民样本。我们将在三年内对他们进行三次采访。这项调查将在BNO到达时为我们提供有关BNO的信息。它还将告诉我们，当他们在该国定居时，他们不断演变的结果和轨迹。据我们所知，这将是第一个系统的、纵向的、社会科学的研究，跟踪主要移民群体(几乎)从他们到达英国的时间。我们将分析BNO融入英国经济和社会的情况，研究范围包括劳动力市场结果、移民过程和意图、歧视、社会网络和社会凝聚力等主题。我们的数据将成为移民研究领域其他学者和政策分析师的丰富资源。该项目将加深我们对BNO和移民融入进程的总体了解。