Hong Kong BNO Migrants Panel Survey

香港 BNO 移民追踪调查

• 批准号: ES/X003736/1
• 负责人: Tak-Wing Chan
• 金额: $ 117.08万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX003736%2F1
• 关键词: Hong; Kong; BNO; Migrants; Panel

In response to the erosion of political rights and, in particular, the imposition of a National Security Law in Hong Kong, the Home Office announced in October 2020 that all Hong Kong residents with British National Overseas (BNO) status and their close family members could apply for visas to move to the UK. Up to 5.4 million of Hong Hong's 7.5 million residents are potentially eligible under the BNO scheme. This gives them the right to work in the UK and provides a path to full British citizenship. This announcement represents a radical shift in UK immigration policy. Previously, BNOs (despite the name) had very limited rights. In the wake of the Tiananmen Square massacre, 50,000 Hong Kong residents and their family members were given the right of abode in the UK, against the background of substantial political opposition. By contrast, this much more wide-ranging scheme has so far been largely uncontroversial. There is huge uncertainty about the take-up of the scheme. The Home Office estimates that between 123,000 and 153,700 people might come to the UK in the first year, and between 258,000 and 322,400 people over the first five years. It also gives a plausible upper-bound estimate of one million. The limited data that is available so far suggests that flows have been significant. There were 103,990 BNO visa applications between 31 January 2021 and 31 December 2021. With the BNO scheme, we are witnessing one of the largest migrant inflows to the UK from a single source country ever recorded. The number of Hong Kong-born residents in the UK could triple or even quadruple within a few years. The Windrush generation of the 1950s and 1960s, the East African Asians of the 1960s and 1970s, and the Central and Eastern European migrants from the mid-2000s have all made lasting changes to the social fabrics of the UK. We believe the arrival of the BNO migrants will also bring profound social, economic, and perhaps political changes in Britain in the decades to come. How will the BNOs fare, socially and economically, in the UK? What are their needs and experience? How do they compare with members of other migrant/minority ethnic groups? How many of the BNOs will return to Hong Kong after a few years? At this point we do not have systematic, reliable, and representative data that will allow us answer these questions with confidence. To fill in the gap, we will design and implement a survey of the Hong Kong BNO migrants in the UK. With the cooperation of the Home Office, we will be able to draw a representative sample of 2,000 BNO migrants. We will interview them three times over three years. This survey will give us information about the BNOs as they arrive. It will also tell us their evolving outcomes and trajectories as they settle in the country. To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic, longitudinal, social science study that tracks a major migrant group (almost) from the time of their arrival in the UK. We will analyse the BNOs' integration into the UK economy and society, with research strands covering topics such as labour market outcomes, migration processes and intentions, discrimination, social networks, and social cohesion. Our data will become a rich resource for other scholars and policy analysts in the field of migration research. This project will deepen our understanding of the BNOs and of the process of migrant integration in general.

为了回应政治权利的侵蚀，尤其是在香港颁布的国家安全法，内政部于2020年10月宣布，所有具有英国国家海外国家（BNO）地位的香港居民及其亲密家庭成员都可以申请签证以搬到英国。在BNO计划下，香港750万居民中有540万人有资格。这赋予了他们在英国工作的权利，并为英国全部公民身份提供了途径。该公告代表了英国移民政策的根本转变。以前，BNO（尽管这个名字）的权利非常有限。在天安门广场大屠杀之后，有50,000名香港居民及其家人在英国被赋予了居留权，这是在实质性的政治反对的背景下。相比之下，迄今为止，这种更广泛的计划在很大程度上没有争议。该计划的采用有很大的不确定性。内政部估计，第一年可能会有123,000至153,700人来英国，在前五年中，有258,000至322,400人。它还给出了一百万个合理的上限估计。到目前为止可用的有限数据表明，流量很大。在2021年1月31日至2021年12月31日之间，有103,990次BNO签证申请。随着BNO计划，我们目睹了有史以来记录的单一来源国家向英国最大的移民流入。英国出生的香港居民人数在几年内可以三倍甚至四倍。 1950年代和1960年代的Windrush一代，1960年代和1970年代的东非亚洲人以及2000年代中期的中央和东欧移民都对英国的社交面料进行了持久的改变。我们认为，BNO移民的到来还将在未来几十年中带来英国的深刻社会，经济和政治变化。在英国，BNO在社会和经济上的收费将如何？他们的需求和经验是什么？他们如何与其他移民/少数族裔群体的成员进行比较？几年后，有多少个BNO将返回香港？在这一点上，我们没有系统的，可靠和代表性的数据，可以使我们充满信心地回答这些问题。为了填补空白，我们将设计和实施对英国香港移民的调查。在内政部的合作下，我们将能够绘制2,000名BNO移民的代表样本。我们将在三年内采访三次。这项调查将为我们提供有关BNO到达时的信息。当他们定居在该国时，它还会告诉我们他们不断发展的成果和轨迹。据我们所知，这将是第一个系统的，纵向的社会科学研究，它从抵达英国开始就追踪了一个主要移民群体（几乎）。我们将分析BNO与英国经济和社会的融合，研究链涵盖劳动力市场成果，移民过程和意图，歧视，社交网络和社会凝聚力等主题。我们的数据将成为移民研究领域其他学者和政策分析师的丰富资源。该项目将加深我们对BNO的理解和一般来说的移民融合过程。