THE AGING EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH A POLYGENIC COMPLEX

与多基因复合物相关的衰老效应

• 批准号: 3114368
• 负责人: ALAN Robert TEMPLETON
• 金额: $ 5.19万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-04-01 至 1989-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3114368
• 关键词: aging; animal population genetics; biochemical evolution; developmental genetics; evolution; field study; genetic mapping; genetic strain; genetic transcription; juvenile hormones; larva; life cycle; mature animal; parthenogenesis; pleiotropism; reproduction; sex chromosomes

There are three basic levels of control of aging: 1) the proximate causes leading to senesence in particular cell lines or tissues, 2) the regulatory processes that integrate the cell and tissue specific patterns into an individual's life history, and 3) the evolutionary forces that select upon life history traits to determine the aging pattern characteristic of the species. In the past we have studied the control of aging at all three levels with the abnormal abdomen (aa) syndrome in Drosophila mercatorum. Recently, we have extended this integrated, multi-level approach study the aging phenotypes associated with insertion-induced bobbed (bb) flies in the closely related species, D. hydei. Aa and bb show many similarities; both are associated with homologous inserts that go into the coding region of the 28S ribosomal genes, both seem to induce a fuctional ribosomal deficiency in polytene tissue, both lead to phenotypes that appear to be due to lower activities of juvenile hormone esterase, and both are adaptive under desiccating conditions in nature because of their effects upon adult sexual maturation and longevity. Despite these many parallels, the aging effects associated with aa are controlled at the molecular level through somatic overreplication (or its failure) of noninserted 28S genes during formation of the fat body, the polytene tissue that produces the juvenile hormone esterase. In contrast, preliminary data indicate that bb in hydei is controlled by adjusting the number of inserted to noninserted 28S genes in the germ-line. By performing our studies on both species, we can not only learn how aging is controlled at several different levels of biological organization, but we also hope to ultimately answer the question as to why two such closely related species have utilized such different molecular routes to achieve similar development, physiological and ecological ends with respect to their aging patterns.

控制老龄化有三个基本层次：1）近因 导致特定细胞系或组织的衰老，2）调节 将细胞和组织特异性模式整合到一个 个人的生活史，以及3）选择的进化力量 生活史特征，以确定老化模式的特点， 物种 在过去，我们已经研究了控制老化的所有三个方面， 与果蝇异常腹部（aa）综合征的水平。 最近，我们将这种综合的多层次方法研究扩展到了 与插入诱导的bobbed（bb）苍蝇相关的衰老表型， 近缘种D.海迪。 Aa和bb表现出许多相似之处; 两者都与进入编码区的同源插入物有关 在28 S核糖体基因中，两者似乎都诱导了一个功能性的核糖体基因， 缺乏多线组织，都导致表型，似乎是 由于保幼激素酯酶活性较低， 在自然界干燥的条件下，因为它们对成年人的影响， 性成熟和长寿。 尽管有许多相似之处， 与AA相关的效应在分子水平上受到控制， 非插入28 S基因的体细胞过度复制（或其失败） 脂肪体的形成，产生幼鱼的多线组织 激素酯酶 相比之下，初步数据表明， 是通过调节插入到非插入的28 S基因的数量来控制的 在生殖细胞系中。 通过对这两个物种进行研究，我们不能 只有了解衰老是如何控制在几个不同的水平， 但我们也希望最终能回答这个问题 为什么两个如此密切相关的物种会利用如此不同的 分子途径，以实现类似的发展，生理和 生态学的终结与它们的老化模式有关。