THE AGING EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH A POLYGENIC COMPLEX

与多基因复合物相关的衰老效应

• 批准号: 3114365
• 负责人: ALAN Robert TEMPLETON
• 金额: $ 6.17万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-04-01 至 1989-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3114365
• 关键词: aging; animal population genetics; biochemical evolution; developmental genetics; evolution; field study; genetic mapping; genetic strain; genetic transcription; juvenile hormones; larva; life cycle; mature animal; parthenogenesis; pleiotropism; reproduction; sex chromosomes

There are three basic levels of control of aging: 1) the proximate causes leading to senesence in particular cell lines or tissues, 2) the regulatory processes that integrate the cell and tissue specific patterns into an individual's life history, and 3) the evolutionary forces that select upon life history traits to determine the aging pattern characteristic of the species. In the past we have studied the control of aging at all three levels with the abnormal abdomen (aa) syndrome in Drosophila mercatorum. Recently, we have extended this integrated, multi-level approach study the aging phenotypes associated with insertion-induced bobbed (bb) flies in the closely related species, D. hydei. Aa and bb show many similarities; both are associated with homologous inserts that go into the coding region of the 28S ribosomal genes, both seem to induce a fuctional ribosomal deficiency in polytene tissue, both lead to phenotypes that appear to be due to lower activities of juvenile hormone esterase, and both are adaptive under desiccating conditions in nature because of their effects upon adult sexual maturation and longevity. Despite these many parallels, the aging effects associated with aa are controlled at the molecular level through somatic overreplication (or its failure) of noninserted 28S genes during formation of the fat body, the polytene tissue that produces the juvenile hormone esterase. In contrast, preliminary data indicate that bb in hydei is controlled by adjusting the number of inserted to noninserted 28S genes in the germ-line. By performing our studies on both species, we can not only learn how aging is controlled at several different levels of biological organization, but we also hope to ultimately answer the question as to why two such closely related species have utilized such different molecular routes to achieve similar development, physiological and ecological ends with respect to their aging patterns.

控制衰老有三个基本层面：1）直接原因 导致特定细胞系或组织的衰老，2）调节 将细胞和组织的特定模式整合到一个过程中 个人的生活史，以及3）选择的进化力量 生活史特征来确定衰老模式特征 物种。 过去我们研究了这三个方面的衰老控制 果蝇腹部异常（aa）综合征的水平。 最近，我们将这种综合的、多层次的方法研究扩展到 与插入诱导的 bobbed (bb) 果蝇相关的衰老表型 密切相关的物种，D. hydei。 Aa 和 bb 有很多相似之处； 两者都与进入编码区的同源插入片段相关 28S 核糖体基因，两者似乎都诱导功能性核糖体 多线组织的缺陷，两者都会导致似乎是 由于保幼激素酯酶活性较低，两者都是适应性的 在自然界干燥的条件下，因为它们对成人的影响 性成熟和长寿。 尽管有许多相似之处，但衰老 与 aa 相关的效应通过以下方式在分子水平上进行控制 未插入的 28S 基因的体细胞过度复制（或其失败） 脂肪体的形成，产生幼体的多线组织 激素酯酶。 相反，初步数据表明 hydei 中的 bb 通过调整插入与非插入的28S基因的数量来控制 在种系中。 通过对这两个物种进行研究，我们不能 只了解如何在几个不同的水平上控制衰老 生物组织，但我们也希望最终回答这个问题 为什么两个如此密切相关的物种会利用如此不同的 分子途径实现相似的发育、生理和 就其老化模式而言，生态目的。