MEMORY AND COGNITION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND AGING

阿尔茨海默病和衰老中的记忆和认知

• 批准号: 3115267
• 负责人: HERMAN BUSCHKE
• 金额: $ 17.64万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-12-01 至 1989-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3115267
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome; aging; cognition disorders; cues; data collection; human subject; learning; memory disorders; neural information processing

It is well known that learning and memory depend on adequate attention and cognitive processing of information to be remembered, that cueing is necessary to elicit complete recall of all items from storage, and that effective cueing depends on adequate processing of the cue with its target when information about the target is encoded. Investigation of the apparent memory deficits which seem to be a major feature of aging and dementia has been limited by the difficulty of inducing effective processing at encoding and retrieval. This project will induce encoding of information needed for retrieval by asking the subject to search an array of pictures or words to identify each item as specified by an appropriate cue (such as its category) so that the same cue can be used to elicit cued recall of items not recovered by free recall. Identification of each item shows that the processing has been carried out, that the item can be named, and results in effective cued recall. Speed of cued recall, which reveals differences in memory not shown by number of items recalled, also will be investigated. The long-term objectives are to show that apparent memory deficits of normal healthy aged can be eliminated when processing is controlled, to more accurately assess maximum memory capacity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to investigate encoding and retrieval of memory traces by normal aged and patients with AD. The specific aims are to show: that normal aged can learn and remember as well as young but that patients with AD cannot encode or retrieve as much or recall as quickly; that normal aged can encode enough information for recall of each item by two cues and for recall of two items by a single cue, but that patients with AD cannot; that normal aged do not forget more rapidly but that patients with AD do; and that recall failure by normal aged and by patients with AD is due to retrieval failure, and that patients with AD have more retrieval failures. Demonstration of intact learning and memory by normal healthy aged implies that impaired learning and memory despite effective processing is due to disease that may be treatable or preventable. Accurate evaluation of learning and memory capacity when processing is controlled at encoding and retrieval is needed to understand the interaction of memory and cognition in the dementia of AD, to correlate the dementia with neuropathologic changes, and to evaluate the effects.

众所周知，学习和记忆依赖于足够的注意力， 信息的认知处理，即线索是 必须从仓库中完全召回所有物品， 有效的暗示取决于对暗示与其目标的充分处理 当关于目标的信息被编码时。 调查 明显的记忆缺陷似乎是衰老的主要特征， 痴呆症的治疗一直受到难以诱导有效的 编码和检索时的处理。 该项目将诱导编码的 通过要求受试者搜索数组来检索所需的信息 图片或文字，以确定每个项目的规定，由适当的 提示（如其类别），以便可以使用相同的提示来引出提示 召回未通过自由召回收回的项目。 每个项目的标识 显示已执行处理，可以命名项目， 并导致有效的线索回忆。 提示回忆的速度，这揭示了 记忆中的差异并不表现在回忆的项目数量上，也将被 研究了 长期的目标是证明明显的记忆 正常健康老年人的缺陷可以消除时，处理是 控制，以更准确地评估最大记忆容量， 阿尔茨海默病（AD），并研究编码和检索 正常老年人和AD患者的记忆痕迹。 具体目标是 证明：正常的老年人可以像年轻人一样学习和记忆， AD患者不能编码或提取尽可能多的信息，也不能快速回忆; 正常年龄的人可以编码足够的信息来回忆每个项目， 两个线索和回忆两个项目的单一线索，但病人 患有AD的人不能;正常老年人不会忘记得更快，但 AD患者有记忆障碍;正常老年人和AD患者的记忆障碍 与AD是由于检索失败，与AD患者有更多的 检索失败。 正常人的学习和记忆功能完好 健康的老年人意味着尽管有效， 加工是由于可能是可治疗或可预防的疾病。 当加工过程中准确评估学习和记忆能力， 在编码和检索控制是需要了解 在AD痴呆中记忆和认知的相互作用， 痴呆伴神经病理改变，并评价其疗效。