MEMORY AND COGNITION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND AGING

阿尔茨海默病和衰老中的记忆和认知

• 批准号: 3115266
• 负责人: HERMAN BUSCHKE
• 金额: $ 17.18万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-12-01 至 1987-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3115266
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome; aging; cognition disorders; cues; data collection; human subject; learning; memory disorders; neural information processing

It is well known that learning and memory depend on adequate attention and cognitive processing of information to be remembered, that cueing is necessary to elicit complete recall of all items from storage, and that effective cueing depends on adequate processing of the cue with its target when information about the target is encoded. Investigation of the apparent memory deficits which seem to be a major feature of aging and dementia has been limited by the difficulty of inducing effective processing at encoding and retrieval. This project will induce encoding of information needed for retrieval by asking the subject to search an array of pictures or words to identify each item as specified by an appropriate cue (such as its category) so that the same cue can be used to elicit cued recall of items not recovered by free recall. Identification of each item shows that the processing has been carried out, that the item can be named, and results in effective cued recall. Speed of cued recall, which reveals differences in memory not shown by number of items recalled, also will be investigated. The long-term objectives are to show that apparent memory deficits of normal healthy aged can be eliminated when processing is controlled, to more accurately assess maximum memory capacity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to investigate encoding and retrieval of memory traces by normal aged and patients with AD. The specific aims are to show: that normal aged can learn and remember as well as young but that patients with AD cannot encode or retrieve as much or recall as quickly; that normal aged can encode enough information for recall of each item by two cues and for recall of two items by a single cue, but that patients with AD cannot; that normal aged do not forget more rapidly but that patients with AD do; and that recall failure by normal aged and by patients with AD is due to retrieval failure, and that patients with AD have more retrieval failures. Demonstration of intact learning and memory by normal healthy aged implies that impaired learning and memory despite effective processing is due to disease that may be treatable or preventable. Accurate evaluation of learning and memory capacity when processing is controlled at encoding and retrieval is needed to understand the interaction of memory and cognition in the dementia of AD, to correlate the dementia with neuropathologic changes, and to evaluate the effects.

众所周知，学习和记忆依赖于足够的注意力和 要记住的信息的认知处理，那就是提示 从仓库中完全召回所有物品所必需的，并且 有效的提示依赖于对提示及其目标的充分处理 当有关目标的信息被编码时。对这一事件的调查 明显的记忆缺陷，这似乎是衰老和 痴呆症一直受到有效诱导的困难的限制 在编码和检索时的处理。该项目将诱导编码 通过要求主题搜索数组来检索所需的信息 图片或文字来标识由适当的 提示(如其类别)，以便可以使用相同的提示来引出提示 召回未通过自由召回恢复的物品。每件物品的标识 表示已执行处理，可以命名该项目， 并导致有效的线索回忆。线索回忆的速度，这揭示了 未按召回物品数量显示的内存差异也将显示 调查过了。长期目标是展示这种明显的记忆 处理后可消除正常健康老年人的身体缺陷 受控，以便更准确地评估 阿尔茨海默病(AD)，并研究编码和检索 正常老年人和AD患者的记忆痕迹。具体目标是 为了表明：正常的老年人可以像年轻人一样学习和记忆，但 阿尔茨海默病患者不能进行编码、检索或快速回忆； 正常老年人可以通过以下方式编码足够信息来回忆每件物品 两个线索，并通过一个线索回忆两个物品，但患者 AD不能；正常的老年人不会更快地忘记 阿尔茨海默病患者有；正常老年人和患者的回忆失败 AD是由于提取失败，而AD患者有更多 检索失败。正常情况下完整的学习和记忆表现 健康的老年人意味着学习和记忆受损，尽管有效 处理是由于可以治疗或预防的疾病。 准确评估加工时的学习和记忆能力 需要在编码和检索时控制才能理解 阿尔茨海默病患者记忆和认知的交互作用 观察痴呆患者的神经病理改变，并评价其疗效。