CANVAS (Children, attitudes, norms, violence, and society): do social meanings of violence affect development of adverse outcomes?

CANVAS（儿童、态度、规范、暴力和社会）：暴力的社会意义是否会影响不良结果的发展？

• 批准号: ES/X008940/1
• 负责人: Karen Devries
• 金额: $ 63.87万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX008940%2F1
• 关键词: CANVAS; Children; attitudes; norms; violence

Are violent acts harmful when they are not perceived as 'violence'? Violence in childhood is a pervasive human rights, health and development challenge. But there is a large international variation in what behavioural acts of violence are considered normal, acceptable and common. There is a large body of evidence showing long-term adverse health, education and other consequences of exposure to childhood violence, but this evidence is overwhelmingly drawn from high-income, lower prevalence settings where acts of violence may be considered less acceptable. There is some cross-cultural evidence that acts of violence may produce fewer adverse behavioural outcomes for children when those acts are perceived to be normative, but existing studies have been hampered by small sample sizes, and critically, have not considered the role of biological embedding of exposure to trauma. Our interdisciplinary team will take advantage of existing data from three ongoing cohort studies in ten countries, and cross-sectional data from 96 countries, to explore how social norms and attitudes towards violent experiences affect the relationships between violence and various health, education, labour and biomarker outcomes. We will 1) conceptualise and explore qualitatively and quantitatively how children define normal, acceptable and common acts of violence in a range of contexts; 2) measure the biological embedding of exposure to 'normative' physical, sexual and emotional violence in childhood; 3) explore individual cognitive appraisals and emotional reactions to experience of 'normative' violence, and whether biological embedding varies according to these; 4) explore how social norms about violence within families and schools affect individual attitudes and violence-outcome relationships, and 5) explore how of social norms in communities, regions and across countries about violence shape family and school norms, individual attitudes and violence-outcome relationships. All of these aims will be underpinned and refined by 6) collaboration with advisory groups of children, adolescents, and global leaders working in the field of violence prevention. These groups will advise on research design, framing, and interpretation of results, and will help us think critically about how to frame our findings so that they impact and influence policy.Our hypothesis is that 'normative' violence does in fact cause harm, even for children who live in contexts where that violence is common and accepted. If we are correct, our findings will underscore the importance of focusing on acts of violence that are routine and commonplace, and can inform the development of prevention interventions and guide investment priorities for policy makers and donors.

当暴力行为不被视为“暴力”时，它们是否有害？儿童暴力是普遍存在的人权、健康和发展挑战。但在哪些行为的暴力行为被认为是正常、可接受和常见的方面，国际上存在很大的差异。有大量证据表明，长期接触儿童暴力会对健康、教育和其他后果造成不利影响，但这些证据绝大多数来自高收入、低流行率的环境，在这些环境中，暴力行为可能被认为是不能接受的。有一些跨文化证据表明，当暴力行为被认为是规范的行为时，这些行为可能会对儿童产生较少的不良行为后果，但现有研究因样本量小而受阻，而且至关重要的是，没有考虑到暴露在创伤中的生物嵌入的作用。我们的跨学科团队将利用来自10个国家正在进行的三项队列研究的现有数据，以及来自96个国家的横断面数据，探索社会规范和对暴力经历的态度如何影响暴力与各种健康、教育、劳动力和生物标志物结果之间的关系。我们将1)对儿童如何在一系列背景下定义正常的、可接受的和常见的暴力行为进行概念化和量化探索；2)测量儿童时期暴露于“规范性”身体暴力、性暴力和情感暴力的生物嵌入性；3)探索个体对“规范性”暴力经历的认知评估和情感反应，以及生物嵌入性是否因此而变化；4)探索关于家庭和学校内暴力的社会规范如何影响个人态度和暴力-结果关系；以及5)探索社区、地区和各国关于暴力的社会规范如何塑造家庭和学校规范、个人态度和暴力-结果关系。所有这些目标都将通过与儿童、青少年和在暴力预防领域工作的全球领导人的咨询小组的合作来巩固和完善。这些小组将就研究设计、框架和结果的解释提供建议，并将帮助我们批判性地思考如何构建我们的发现，使其影响和影响政策。我们的假设是，事实上，“规范性”暴力确实会造成伤害，即使对生活在暴力普遍和被接受的环境中的儿童也是如此。如果我们是正确的，我们的调查结果将强调将重点放在例行公事和司空见惯的暴力行为上的重要性，并可以为制定预防干预措施提供信息，并指导决策者和捐助者的投资优先事项。