The Good Schools Study: A cluster randomised controlled trial of an intervention to prevent violence against children in Ugandan primary schools

好学校研究：一项针对乌干达小学预防暴力侵害儿童行为的干预措施的整群随机对照试验

• 批准号: MR/L004321/1
• 负责人: Karen Devries
• 金额: $ 84.64万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FL004321%2F1
• 关键词: Good; Schools; Study; cluster; randomised

Violence against children in schools is common practice in many countries, and research into prevention and treatment has been outlined as a priority in the World Report on Violence against Children. In most countries, children spend more time at school than anywhere else besides their family home, and can suffer violence from teachers and other school staff, and other children. Despite this, in most countries evidence is lacking from rigorously conducted studies on the prevalence, epidemiology and consequences of this violence. Existing studies tend to come from North America, where corporal punishment from teachers is far less common.In Uganda, no rigorous, representative prevalence data exist, but one survey indicated more than 80% of children have experienced physical punishments such as caning and slapping by teachers. More research exists on sexual violence in schools suffered by girls in African schools, and qualitative studies indicate girls in Ugandan secondary schools experience sexual violence and harassment from teachers and fellow students but are not able to report it for fear of reprisals.The Good School Toolkit has been developed and refined for 6 years in Uganda by Raising Voices. The Toolkit takes a systemic approach, involving an entire school in a process of change to reduce violence and improve teaching techniques. The Toolkit draws on the Transtheoretical Model and incorporates standard behaviour change techniques such as setting a goal and making an action plan, which are effective in modifying behaviour. This study aims to determine whether use of the Good School Toolkit reduces children's experience of violence by school staff. We will also examine the effects of the Toolkit on children's mental health, well-being, and educational outcomes. The study will include a trial, which will be complemented by a qualitative study, a process evaluation, and an economic evaluation. We will also follow a sub-group of trial participants over time.We will conduct a cluster randomised controlled trial in 42 primary schools in Luwero District, Uganda. Half of the schools will receive the Toolkit, and other half will be put on a waiting list to receive the Toolkit at the end of the study if it is shown to be effective. School staff, and children in Primary 5, 6 and 7 will be surveyed (aged about 11-14 years) at the beginning and the end of the study, and schools which received the Toolkit will be compared with those which did not. A qualitative study will also be conducted to explore mechanisms by which the Toolkit might be affecting violence, mental health and educational outcomes. In-depth work will focus on how school staff and children have experienced the Toolkit intervention, and what aspects of it may be refined to be more effective. The Toolkit is specifically designed to be implemented at very low cost, appropriate for low income settings. An economic evaluation will be performed to explore the economic and financial costs of this intervention, with the aim of informing possible scale-up of the Toolkit.All students in Primary 5 at baseline will be followed longitudinally until follow-up, when most will be in Primary 7. This will enable exploration of trajectories of change in mental health and educational outcomes over time, and how violence experience impacts this. We will also be able to follow school staff over time.The results from this evaluation will be used to brief policy-makers within the Ministry of Education and Sports involved in developing country-wide policy and practice around violence against children in schools.

学校中对儿童的暴力行为在许多国家是常见的做法，《暴力侵害儿童问题世界报告》将预防和治疗研究列为优先事项。在大多数国家，儿童在学校的时间比在家里以外的任何地方都多，并且可能遭受教师和其他学校工作人员以及其他儿童的暴力。尽管如此，在大多数国家，对这种暴力的普遍性、流行病学和后果进行的严格研究缺乏证据。现有的研究往往来自北美，那里的教师体罚远不常见。在乌干达，没有严格的，有代表性的流行数据，但一项调查显示，超过80%的儿童经历过体罚，如鞭打和掌掴教师。关于非洲学校女生在学校遭受的性暴力，有更多的研究，定性研究表明，乌干达中学的女生遭受教师和同学的性暴力和骚扰，但由于害怕报复而无法报告，“好学校工具包”由提高声音组织在乌干达开发和完善了6年。该工具包采取了一种系统的方法，使整个学校都参与到减少暴力和改进教学技术的变革进程中。该工具包借鉴了跨理论模式，并纳入了标准的行为改变技术，如设定目标和制定行动计划，这些技术在改变行为方面是有效的。这项研究旨在确定使用“好学校工具包”是否减少了儿童遭受学校工作人员暴力的经历。我们还将研究工具包对儿童心理健康、福祉和教育成果的影响。该研究将包括一项试验，并将辅之以定性研究、工艺评价和经济评价。我们还将跟踪一个亚组的试验参与者随着时间的推移。我们将进行一项集群随机对照试验，在42所小学在卢韦罗区，乌干达。一半的学校将收到工具包，另一半学校将被列入等待名单，在研究结束时收到工具包，如果它被证明是有效的。在研究开始和结束时，将对学校工作人员和小五、小六和小七的儿童（年龄约11至14岁）进行调查，并将收到工具包的学校与没有收到工具包的学校进行比较。还将进行一项定性研究，探讨工具包可能影响暴力、心理健康和教育成果的机制。深入的工作将侧重于学校工作人员和儿童如何体验工具包的干预措施，以及工具包的哪些方面可以改进以提高效率。该工具包是专门为低成本实施而设计的，适合低收入环境。将进行一项经济评估，以探讨这一干预措施的经济和财政成本，目的是为扩大工具包的可能性提供信息。将对基线时的所有小学五年级学生进行纵向跟踪，直到进行后续跟踪，届时大多数学生将进入小学七年级。这将有助于探索随着时间的推移心理健康和教育成果的变化轨迹，以及暴力经历如何影响这一点。我们还将能够长期跟踪学校工作人员的情况，并将利用这一评价的结果向教育和体育部内参与制定全国性政策和做法的决策者介绍学校暴力侵害儿童问题。

项目成果

Methods to increase reporting of childhood sexual abuse in surveys: the sensitivity and specificity of face-to-face interviews versus a sealed envelope method in Ugandan primary school children.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12914-016-0110-2
• 发表时间: 2017-02-23
• 期刊: BMC international health and human rights
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Barr AL;Knight L;Franҫa-Junior I;Allen E;Naker D;Devries KM
• 通讯作者: Devries KM

The Good Schools Toolkit to prevent violence against children in Ugandan primary schools: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

• DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-232
• 发表时间: 2013-07-24
• 期刊: Trials
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Devries KM;Allen E;Child JC;Walakira E;Parkes J;Elbourne D;Watts C;Naker D
• 通讯作者: Naker D

Reducing Physical Violence Toward Primary School Students With Disabilities.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.004
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
• 作者: Devries K;Kuper H;Knight L;Allen E;Kyegombe N;Banks LM;Kelly S;Naker D
• 通讯作者: Naker D

Witnessing intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in Ugandan children: a cross-sectional survey.

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013583
• 发表时间: 2017-02-28
• 期刊: BMJ open
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Devries KM;Knight L;Child JC;Kyegombe N;Hossain M;Lees S;Watts C;Naker D
• 通讯作者: Naker D

Does the Good Schools Toolkit Reduce Physical, Sexual and Emotional Violence, and Injuries, in Girls and Boys equally? A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.

• DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0775-3
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research
• 作者: Devries KM;Knight L;Allen E;Parkes J;Kyegombe N;Naker D
• 通讯作者: Naker D