IDs for Rohingya: 'Pathways to Citizenship' or Instruments of Genocide?

我的研究借鉴了罗辛亚人关于缅甸种族灭绝和身份证计划的口述历史和叙事，以批评国际上普遍采用的无国籍和合法身份识别方法。在这一研究期间，我将：将这项研究发展为进一步传播和出版包括一本书在内的出版物；与在不同背景下研究合法身份和不稳定公民身份的研究人员建立国家和国际合作；并制定关于在抵抗和国家犯罪背景下使用身份识别技术和身份识别历史的进一步研究计划和建议。减少和防止无国籍状态的办法往往始于促进民事登记和提供国家颁发的身份证件。身份证和国家登记被认为有助于人们随着时间的推移获得其国籍权。2016年可持续发展目标(16.9)中的“所有人的合法身份”目标增加了国际社会对提供身份证的关注。这些方法为缅甸的发展政策提供了信息。然而，罗辛亚人的叙述经常将缅甸使用身份证和登记描述为国家实施迫害和种族灭绝不可或缺的一部分。我的研究使用叙事方法来探索这些紧张关系。它借鉴了罗辛亚人的口述历史和与他们的身份证有关的叙述，思考了国家犯罪的罗辛亚幸存者如何扰乱了国际上关于无国籍的框架及其解决方案。与许多国家犯罪研究一样，这项研究牢固地植根于社会正义的概念。到目前为止，调查结果已被用于：在国际上倡导承认针对罗辛亚人的大规模暴行是“种族灭绝”；教育缅甸和地区民间社会团体有关种族灭绝和防止种族灭绝的知识；强调保护难民免受不安全、过早或强迫遣返的必要性；以及促进难民、非公民和被边缘化群体更好地参与评估和阐明与身份识别系统相关的风险。这项奖学金巩固了我的博士研究。它还突出并扩大了与身份查验进程有关的社会行动和激进主义的潜力。

My research draws on Rohingya oral histories and narratives about Myanmar's genocide and ID schemes to critique the prevailing international approaches to statelessness and legal identities. During this fellowship, I will: develop this research towards further dissemination and publications including a book; build national and international collaborations with researchers working on legal identities and precarious citizenships in different contexts; and develop further research plans and a proposal relating to the use of ID technologies and ID histories in the context of resistance and state crime. Approaches to reducing and preventing statelessness often start with the promotion of civil registration and the provision of state issued identity documents. IDs and state registration are understood to assist people in accessing their right to nationality over time. The 'legal identities for all' target in the 2016 Sustainable Development Goals (16.9) increased the international focus on the provision of IDs. These approaches informed development policy in Myanmar. However, Rohingya narratives often described Myanmar's use of ID cards and registration as integral to the persecution and genocide committed by the state. My research explores these tensions, using narrative methods. Drawing on Rohingya oral histories and narratives relating to their ID cards, it considers how Rohingya survivors of state crime have disrupted international framings of statelessness and its solutions. As with much state crime research, this research is strongly grounded in notions of social justice. Findings have so far been used to: advocate internationally for the recognition of mass atrocities against the Rohingya as 'genocide'; educate Myanmar and regional civil society groups about genocide and genocide prevention; highlight the need for protection for refugees against unsafe, premature or forced repatriation; and promote better involvement of refugees, noncitizens and marginalised groups in assessing and articulating risks associated with ID systems. This fellowship consolidates my doctoral research. It also highlights and broadens the potential for social action and activism in relation to identification processes.