Chromosome dynamics during the G2/M transition in meiosis

减数分裂 G2/M 转变期间的染色体动力学

• 批准号: G0902043/1
• 负责人: Eva Hoffmann
• 金额: $ 236.5万
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=G0902043%2F1
• 关键词: Chromosome; dynamics; during; G2; transition

During the production of sperm and eggs, cells have to half the number of chromosomes, otherwise the resulting foetus will contain too many. This requires a specialized cell division where chromosomes first find their partner and then split from them- a marriage followed by divorce. How do cells ensure that each egg or sperm contains exactly one full set of chromosomes, 23 in the case of humans? Chromosomes pair on the basis of sequence identity and form specialized connections called chiasmata that look like the Greek letter chi under the microscope. Pairing and the formation of chiasmata is facilitated by a structure called the synaptonemal complex; when chiasmata form the synaptonemal complex is broken down and cells get ready to split up the chromosome pairs. We are investigating how the breakdown of the synaptonemal complex is facilitated and how is it coordinated with formation of chiasmata. To this end, we use baker‘s yeast as a model organism. Baker‘s yeast has provided valuable insight into how chiasmata and the synaptonemal complex are formed and we expect that some of the basic principles that govern its breakdown will also be relevant in humans.

在精子和卵子的生产过程中，细胞必须将染色体数量减半，否则产生的胎儿将包含过多的染色体。这需要一个专门的细胞分裂，染色体首先找到他们的伴侣，然后从他们分裂-结婚后离婚。细胞如何确保每个卵子或精子都包含一套完整的染色体，人类的染色体是23条？染色体在序列相同的基础上配对，并形成称为交叉的特殊连接，在显微镜下看起来像希腊字母chi。配对和交叉的形成由一种称为联会复合体的结构促进;当交叉形成时，联会复合体被分解，细胞准备分裂染色体对。我们正在研究如何促进联会复合体的分解，以及它如何与交叉的形成协调。为此，我们使用面包酵母作为模式生物。面包酵母为了解交叉和联会复合体是如何形成的提供了有价值的见解，我们希望控制其分解的一些基本原则也与人类有关。