Vaccinia virus entry, exit and evasion

痘苗病毒的进入、退出和逃避

• 批准号: G1000207-E01/2
• 负责人: Geoffrey Smith
• 金额: $ 207.52万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=G1000207-E01%2F2
• 关键词: Vaccinia; virus; entry; exit; evasion

Viruses remain a potent threat to human health as illustrated by the current epidemics caused by influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Basic research on how viruses replicate, spread and evade our immunological defences is important in advancing our understanding of how viruses cause disease and will underpin the development of new vaccines and anti-viral drugs. This proposal concerns vaccinia virus (VACV), a poxvirus and the live vaccine that was used to eradicate smallpox. Although smallpox has been eradicated, VACV continues to be studied because i) it is possible to engineer VACV as a vaccine against other infectious diseases, and ii) the interaction between VACV and the host cell and immune system is providing novel, fundamental information about how viruses cause disease. This application will focus on how VACV enters cells, how new virus particles are transported out of the cell, how these virus particles spread rapidly to other cells, and how VACV evades the immune response to infection. The information obtained will facilitate the engineering of VACV as a safer and more immunogenic vaccine for infectious diseases and cancer.

病毒仍然是对人类健康的严重威胁，目前由流感病毒和人体免疫缺陷病毒引起的流行病就说明了这一点。关于病毒如何复制、传播和逃避我们的免疫防御的基础研究对于增进我们对病毒如何引起疾病的理解非常重要，并将成为开发新疫苗和抗病毒药物的基础。这项建议涉及牛痘病毒（VACV），一种痘病毒和用于根除天花的活疫苗。尽管天花已被根除，但疫苗病毒仍在继续研究，因为1)疫苗病毒有可能被设计成对抗其他传染病的疫苗，2)疫苗病毒与宿主细胞和免疫系统之间的相互作用为病毒如何引起疾病提供了新的基本信息。该应用程序将重点关注疫苗病毒如何进入细胞，新病毒颗粒如何被运出细胞，这些病毒颗粒如何迅速传播到其他细胞，以及疫苗病毒如何逃避对感染的免疫反应。所获得的信息将有助于疫苗的设计，使其成为一种更安全、更具免疫原性的传染病和癌症疫苗。