NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF PHONATORY PATHOLOGY

目的是确定发声的神经生理学基础。 控制和它的紊乱。发音信号的声学分析是 旨在确定不同的病理如何改变发音。 最初的研究比较了几组患者，发现抖动是 声带的形态变化增加，而神经学 干扰增加了微光，而不是抖动。当个人数据被 检查以识别对不同喉部敏感的声学测量 病理，正常病例和病理病例之间的大量重叠 是在抖动和微光上发现的。患有类似喉部疾病的患者 表现不同，表明个体之间存在相当大的差异 在控制喉部功能方面。 已经开发了声学测量来研究非自愿的影响 发声时的声带运动，通过光纤观察。线型 频率的变化与声带的特发性震颤有关。 褶皱，在其他运动障碍中没有发现。进一步的研究是 计划检查呼吸震颤、声道的声学效果 震颤和声带痉挛。结果将有助于理解 发声的神经生理学控制。 在痉挛性发音困难中，一项早期的研究表明发音 在这些患者中，启蒙是最受影响的言语任务。 随后，喉和呼吸之间的协调和时机 研究发声起始和耳语过程中的动作。慢的 反应时间和不协调只在发声过程中被发现， 展示特定任务的自愿运动困难，与之相称 伴有局灶性肌张力障碍。喉内肌的肌电研究 在言语过程中，任务的目的是确定神经生理 这种运动障碍背后的机制。

The purpose is to determine the neurophysiological bases of phonatory control and its disorders. Acoustic analyses of phonatory signals are aimed at determining how phonation is altered by different pathologies. Initial studies compared groups of patients and found that jitter was increased in morphological changes in the vocal folds while neurological disturbances increased shimmer and not jitter. When individual data were examined to identify acoustic measures sensitive to different laryngeal pathologies, a great deal of overlap between normal and pathologic cases was found on jitter and shimmer. Patients with similar laryngeal disorders performed differently suggesting considerable variation between individuals in controlling laryngeal function. Acoustic measures have been developed to study the effects of involuntary vocal fold movements, observed fiberoptically, on phonation. Linear variations in frequency were associated with essential tremor of the vocal folds and were not found in other movement disorders. Further studies are planned to examine the acoustic effects of respiratory tremor, vocal tract tremor and vocal fold spasms. The results will assist in understanding neurophysiological control of phonation. In spasmodic dysphonia, an earlier study demonstrated that phonatory initiation was the speech task most affected in these patients. Subsequently, the coordination and timing between laryngeal and repiratory movements during phonatory initiation and whisper were examined. Slow reaction times and incoordination were found only during phonation, demonstrating task specific voluntary movement difficulties, commensurate with a focal dystonia. EMG studies of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles during speech tasks are aimed at determining the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this movement disorder.