Optimising methods for measuring effects of neighbourhood environments on diet, physical activity, smoking & alcohol intake in older people in the UK

优化测量邻里环境对饮食、身体活动、吸烟影响的方法

• 批准号: MR/J007145/1
• 负责人: Karen Lock
• 金额: $ 65.55万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FJ007145%2F1
• 关键词: Optimising; methods; measuring; effects; neighbourhood

Context and potential benefits of the research: Smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity and high alcohol consumption are well known risk factors for a variety of preventable chronic diseases. It has been estimated that over 30% of deaths from circulatory disease, including heart disease, could be avoided, mainly through a combination of stopping smoking, improving diet and increasing physical activity (WHO). While characteristics of individual people are important, there is growing recognition that the environments in which we live also affect our health behaviours. The shaping of neighbourhood environments that empower and encourage healthy behaviours is recognised as an essential approach to public health policy, and is increasingly relevant with the future relocation of local public health services into local authorities in England. However, there is little consensus on what are the key aspects of the local neighbourhood environment that influence our health-related behaviours. It is still a relatively new and evolving field of research. Further development is needed to improve the technical quality of the research methods, understand the relevance of specific environmental factors to different population groups (ie children, working and non-working adults, old people) and their utility for enhancing our understanding of variations in diet, physical activity and other behaviours. This has implications for disease prevention and deciding where future health policy and interventions should be targeted. This study is novel and important as it aims to conduct the most comprehensive assessment of characteristics of neighbourhood environments in the UK that influence four important behavioural risk factors for CVD, and focuses on the health behaviours and outcomes of older people (over 65 years), an age group for which these study approaches have rarely been applied. The health of older adults may be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of their local neighbourhood as they are likely to have reduced capacity and motivation to travel longer distances due to personal health and mobility factors. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the proposed research is understanding how different neighbourhood-level environmental factors (e.g. built environment, crime levels, access to recreational space, access to shops and price of food, location of healthcare and other services) influence individual health behaviours and cardiovascular disease risk. This project will specifically investigate which local environmental level factors influence tobacco and alcohol use, nutrition, physical activity and risk of obesity in older men and women living in urban areas across the UK. This study will use and compare a range of different research methods to investigate the effect of the neighbourhood environment on health. Data on the lifestyles, behaviours and health of over 4000 older people has already been collected by individual surveys as part of two ongoing national studies of older men and women in the 22 UK study towns. In addition, data on the local neighbourhood environment in the 22 towns where these older people live will be collected using 3 approaches (collecting routine local data, newly collected data from surveying the physical features of the neighbourhood at street level, and new data collected using remote imaging technology- such as google street view). This information will allow us to compare how different factors at individual, household or local community level impact on smoking, alcohol intake, diet, physical activity, and risk of overweight, and to identify which measures of the environment are the strongest determinants of these behaviours. The results should help design more effective public health policies to improve healthy liefstyles and prevent cardiovascular disease.

研究背景和潜在益处：吸烟、不良饮食、缺乏体育活动和大量饮酒是各种可预防慢性疾病的众所周知的风险因素。据估计，30%以上的循环系统疾病，包括心脏病，死亡是可以避免的，主要是通过戒烟，改善饮食和增加体力活动的组合（世卫组织）。虽然个人的特征很重要，但人们越来越认识到，我们生活的环境也会影响我们的健康行为。塑造邻里环境，赋予和鼓励健康的行为被认为是公共卫生政策的一个重要途径，并越来越多地与未来的地方公共卫生服务搬迁到英格兰地方当局。 然而，对于影响我们与健康有关的行为的当地邻里环境的关键方面，几乎没有共识。它仍然是一个相对较新和不断发展的研究领域。需要进一步发展，以提高研究方法的技术质量，了解特定环境因素与不同人群（即儿童，工作和非工作成年人，老年人）的相关性，以及它们对提高我们对饮食，体育活动和其他行为变化的理解的效用。这对疾病预防和决定未来卫生政策和干预措施的目标具有影响。 这项研究是新颖的和重要的，因为它的目的是进行最全面的评估，在英国的邻里环境的特点，影响心血管疾病的四个重要的行为风险因素，并侧重于老年人（65岁以上）的健康行为和结果，这些研究方法很少被应用的年龄组。老年人的健康可能特别容易受到当地社区的影响，因为他们可能由于个人健康和行动不便而减少长途旅行的能力和动力。 宗旨和目标：拟议研究的主要目的是了解不同的邻里水平环境因素（例如建筑环境，犯罪水平，娱乐空间，商店和食品价格，医疗保健和其他服务的位置）如何影响个人健康行为和心血管疾病风险。该项目将专门调查哪些地方环境因素影响英国城市地区老年男性和女性的烟草和酒精使用，营养，体育活动和肥胖风险。 这项研究将使用和比较一系列不同的研究方法来调查邻里环境对健康的影响。关于4000多名老年人的生活方式、行为和健康的数据已经通过个人调查收集，这是正在进行的两项全国性研究的一部分，研究对象是英国22个研究城镇的老年男性和女性。此外，还将采用三种方法收集这些老年人居住的22个城镇的当地邻里环境数据（收集例行的当地数据、通过调查街道一级邻里的物理特征而新收集的数据、以及利用谷歌街景等远程成像技术收集的新数据）。这些信息将使我们能够比较个人、家庭或当地社区层面的不同因素如何影响吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体育活动和超重风险，并确定哪些环境措施是这些行为的最强决定因素。研究结果应有助于设计更有效的公共卫生政策，以改善健康的生活方式并预防心血管疾病。

项目成果

Additional file 1: of Investigating the importance of the local food environment for fruit and vegetable intake in older men and women in 20 UK towns: a cross-sectional analysis of two national cohorts using novel methods

附加文件 1：调查当地食物环境对英国 20 个城镇老年男性和女性水果和蔬菜摄入的重要性：使用新方法对两个国家队列进行横断面分析

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3882793_d1
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: S. Hawkesworth

A qualitative geographical information systems approach to explore how older people over 70 years interact with and define their neighbourhood environment.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.10.002
• 发表时间: 2015-11
• 期刊: Health & place
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Milton S;Pliakas T;Hawkesworth S;Nanchahal K;Grundy C;Amuzu A;Casas JP;Lock K
• 通讯作者: Lock K

Investigating the importance of the local food environment for fruit and vegetable intake in older men and women in 20 UK towns: a cross-sectional analysis of two national cohorts using novel methods.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0581-0
• 发表时间: 2017-09-18
• 期刊: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
• 作者: Hawkesworth S;Silverwood RJ;Armstrong B;Pliakas T;Nanchahal K;Sartini C;Amuzu A;Wannamethee G;Atkins J;Ramsay SE;Casas JP;Morris RW;Whincup PH;Lock K
• 通讯作者: Lock K

Investigating associations between the built environment and physical activity among older people in 20 UK towns.

• DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209440
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Journal of epidemiology and community health
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Hawkesworth S;Silverwood RJ;Armstrong B;Pliakas T;Nanchalal K;Jefferis BJ;Sartini C;Amuzu AA;Wannamethee SG;Ramsay SE;Casas JP;Morris RW;Whincup PH;Lock K
• 通讯作者: Lock K

Optimising measurement of health-related characteristics of the built environment: Comparing data collected by foot-based street audits, virtual street audits and routine secondary data sources.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.10.001
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: Health & place
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Pliakas T;Hawkesworth S;Silverwood RJ;Nanchahal K;Grundy C;Armstrong B;Casas JP;Morris RW;Wilkinson P;Lock K
• 通讯作者: Lock K