Developmental Clinical Studies - Curing Obesity with the 'Medical Bypass'

四分之一的英国人肥胖，不幸的是，这个数字还在上升。肥胖与成熟型糖尿病密切相关。肥胖也是癌症、心脏病、中风和其他疾病的主要原因。没有有效的药物治疗肥胖。唯一有效的治疗方法是胃分流手术，它能大幅减轻体重，治愈糖尿病，降低癌症和心脏病的发病率。不幸的是，手术是一项大工程，昂贵，不可逆，有并发症，而且风险很大。这种手术的好处是由于肠道分泌的化学物质大大增加，称为肠道激素。它们是胰高血糖素样肽-1，氧合调节素和肽YY。我们已经开发了两种基于这些肠道激素的新药，由天然氨基酸制成，并将它们结合在一起，通过每周一次的细针注射来模拟搭桥手术的效果。我们称之为“医疗旁路”，因为它的工作机制与外科旁路相同。这种治疗方法和搭桥手术一样有效，但成本更低，风险也小得多。医疗旁路的一个组成部分，我们称之为Y242，今年已经在试验中进行测试。在这里的项目中，我们将开发另一个组件，我们称之为G3215。我们将首先对G3215进行测试，以确保它是安全的，然后再对人类志愿者进行测试，以检查它是否具有良好的耐受性。然后，我们将把Y242和G3215混合在一起，并在人类志愿者和糖尿病患者身上进行测试，以证明这种医学旁路治疗在帮助患者减肥和控制血糖水平方面是有效的。如果我们的医疗旁路手术是有效的，这将是治疗肥胖和糖尿病的一个巨大进步，并将有助于挽救每年因这些严重疾病并发症而失去的许多生命。

A quarter of the UK population is obese and unfortunately this number is still rising. Obesity is strongly associated with maturity onset diabetes. Obesity is also a major cause of cancer, heart attacks, strokes and other illnesses. There is no effective drug therapy for obesity. The only effective treatment is gastric bypass surgery which causes a large weight loss, cure of diabetes and a reduction of rates of cancer and heart attacks. Unfortunately surgery is a major undertaking, is expensive, is irreversible, is associated with complications, and is risky. The benefits of this surgery are due to the much increased secretion of chemicals by the gut, called gut hormones. These are glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin and peptide YY. We have developed two new drugs based on these gut hormones, made with natural amino acids, and combined them together to mimic the effect of bypass surgery in a single weekly injection through a fine needle. We call this the 'medical bypass' as it works by the same mechanism as the surgical bypass. This treatment will be as effective as bypass surgery but it will be less expensive and will be much less risky. One of the components of the medical bypass, which we call Y242, is already being tested in trials this year. In the project here, we are going to develop the other component, which we call G3215. We will first test G3215 to make sure it is safe before testing it in human volunteers to check that it is well-tolerated. We will then mix the Y242 and G3215 together and test this in human volunteers, as well as in patients with diabetes, to prove that the medical bypass is effective in helping patients lose weight and control their blood sugar levels. If our medical bypass is effective, this would be a great advance in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, and would help to save the many lives lost each year to the complications of these serious conditions.