PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO VESTIBULAR REFLEX BEHAVIOR

更广泛的目标是更好地理解前庭所扮演的角色 和其他控制凝视、头部姿势和整体的感觉输入 平衡。这包括(A)描述感官之间的相互作用 输入信号及其中枢神经系统的转换，(B) 确定中枢神经系统的结构成分和途径，这些结构成分和途径是 以及(C)确定所使用的适应性(或非适应性)战略 在改变的重力环境中的正常受试者和有 外周前庭功能障碍或中枢神经系统病变。具体目标是 (1)描述重力的影响和支撑面的变化 正常受试者的平衡和头部姿势的顺应性 有双侧外周前庭缺陷的人， 痉挛性斜颈，(2)视觉定位脑干和小脑 使用磁共振成像的(视动)刺激，以及(3) 前庭眼科分布式并行神经网络的研制 三维反射(VOR)，包括空间和时间 单个神经元的特性及其生理机制 适应。

The broad objective is to better understand the roles played by vestibular and other sensory inputs in controlling gaze, head posture and overall balance. This includes (a) characterizing the interaction among sensory input signals and their transformation by the central nervous system, (b) identifying the structural components and pathways of the CNS which are involved, and (c) defining the adaptive (or mal-adaptive) strategies used by normal subjects in an altered gravity environment and by subjects with a peripheral vestibular deficit or CNS pathology. The specific aims are to (1) describe the influence of gravity and changes in support surface compliance on balance and head posture in normal human subjects, in those with a bilateral peripheral vestibular deficit, and in those with spasmodic torticollis, (2) map the brainstem and cerebellum during visual (optokinetic) stimulation using magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) develop a distributed parallel neural network for the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in 3-dimensions which incorporates spatial and temporal characteristics of single neurons and a physiological mechanism for adaptation.