ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION

人工耳蜗植入的解剖学考虑

• 批准号: 6104350
• 负责人: JOSEPH B NADOL
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-03-01 至 1999-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6104350
• 关键词: acoustic nerve; action potentials; audiometry; cats; cochlea; cochlear implants; cochlear lesion; computational neuroscience; computed axial tomography; computer simulation; deafness; electrical potential; electrostimulus; evoked potentials; histopathology; human subject; innervation; laboratory mouse; laboratory rat; mathematical model; neural degeneration; neuroanatomy; postmortem; temporal bone; vestibular nerve

The studies in this project have two major goals: 1) to understand the anatomical aspects of the temporal bone, both normal and pathological, that are relevant to cochlear implantation, and 2) to develop theoretical computer-based models from three-dimensional reconstructions of the cochlea in order to further our understanding of the physical and physiological mechanisms underlying the electrical excitation of auditory nerve fibers through cochlear implants. Three-dimensional reconstructions of normal human, cat and rat cochleas will form the basis of electro-anatomical models of potential distributions and patterns of current flow that occur when the cochlea is electrically stimulated. The model will be implemented for the cat and rat, as well as the human, to permit some forms of testing that are not possible in humans; e.g., recording from single auditory nerve fibers, and to study the perturbations resulting from experimentally induced cochlear pathologies. The development of single-fiber models will be integrated with the electro-anatomical models to enable predictions of auditory nerve spike discharge patterns across the fiber array. Of direct relevance to this theoretical effort is an investigation of the spatial relationships between spiral ganglion cells in Rosenthal's canal and their innervation of the organ of Corti, particularly in the apical turn where direct radial projections are unlikely. Another important aspect of temporal bone anatomy to be addressed in this project concerns the histopathology that results from cochlear implantation, which will be analyzed by reconstructing implanted cochleas form deceased patients. These cochlea will be sectioned with the implant in place, which will permit accurate localization of the electrodes. Patterns of spiral ganglion cell degeneration will be studied in an animal model to shed light on the degeneration process and in human material to relate the effects of degeneration to speech reception with cochlear implants.

该项目的研究有两个主要目标：1）了解 颞骨的解剖学方面，包括正常的和病理的， 与人工耳蜗植入相关，并且 2) 发展理论 基于计算机的耳蜗三维重建模型 为了加深我们对身体和生理的了解 听觉神经纤维电激发的机制 通过人工耳蜗。 正常的三维重建 人类、猫和大鼠的耳蜗将构成电解剖学的基础 发生的电位分布和电流模式的模型 当耳蜗受到电刺激时。 该模型将被实施 对于猫、老鼠以及人类，允许进行某些形式的测试 这对于人类来说是不可能的；例如，从单个听觉神经记录 纤维，并研究实验产生的扰动 诱发耳蜗病变。 单纤维模型的发展将 与电解剖模型集成，以实现预测 整个纤维阵列的听觉神经尖峰放电模式。 直接的 与这一理论工作相关的是对空间的研究 罗森塔尔管内螺旋神经节细胞及其功能的关系 柯蒂氏器的神经支配，特别是在心尖转 直接的径向投影不太可能。 另一个重要方面 本项目要解决的颞骨解剖学涉及 人工耳蜗植入引起的组织病理学，这将是 通过重建已故患者的植入耳蜗进行分析。 这些耳蜗将在植入物就位后被切开，这将 允许电极的精确定位。 螺旋图案 将在动物模型中研究神经节细胞变性以揭示真相 关于退化过程和人体物质的影响 人工耳蜗植入后言语接收功能退化。