University of Oxford Big Data Institute: Development & dissemination of efficient analysis methods for large, complex, heterogeneous clinical datasets

背景：了解常见的威胁生命和致残疾病的决定因素是具有挑战性的。这种情况通常是由许多不同的因素(遗传、生理、行为、感染和环境)引起的，这些因素可能发生在生命的不同时期(包括发育因素以及可能发生得更晚的因素，例如吸烟、酗酒、共病和治疗)。此外，这些影响可能在一系列时间尺度(立即到几十年)和时间进程(急性、慢性稳定、渐进性、复发/缓解)上显现。愿景：牛津大学大数据研究所(BDI)致力于成为分析非常庞大和复杂的生物医学数据集的国际卓越中心。该研究所将把世界级的学术领导地位与尖端技术和高素质科学家的核心基础设施结合起来。BDI建立在牛津大学在流行病学、基因组学、成像、计算机科学和传染病监测方面的国际领先专业知识的基础上，将成为开发新的分析方法的全国性资源，以促进超大型临床研究中数据的生成、存储、分析和共享。这项工作将在研究疾病的原因和后果、预防和治疗的速度和范围方面取得革命性的进展，并将对了解遗传和环境影响在常见的危及生命和致残性疾病(如癌症、心脏病、中风和痴呆)中的作用特别相关。知识转移：除了主要研究之外，BDI还将通过培训、研究方法的传播和利益相关者的参与在能力建设方面发挥重要作用：-新的MRC大数据培训学院将提供广泛、灵活和外向型的培训和职业发展机会，牛津大学内外的所有级别的研究人员都可以获得。包括新的博士培训计划、对博士后培训研究员、访客和交流计划的支持，以及适合研究生培训和持续专业发展的各种短期课程。-与当地、国家和国际专家的有效合作(包括与学术界、医疗保健以及制药和IT行业的伙伴关系)将加强新研究方法和工具的开发、评估和采用。-研究所将与监管机构和其他主要利益攸关方合作，制定数据存储、共享和分析的标准；并在隐私、同意、信息安全、数据访问和共享、知识产权以及研究与常规实践的交集等领域促进适当和相称的监管和治理方法。-公众参与活动将促进对生物医学研究的“大数据”方法的理解、解决关切和建立信任。

Background: Understanding the determinants of common life-threatening and disabling disease is challenging. Such conditions are typically caused by many different factors (genetic, physiological, behavioural, infectious and environmental), which may be occur at different times of life (including developmental factors as well as those that may occur much later; e.g. cigarette smoking, alcohol, co-morbidity, and treatment). Furthermore the effects may manifest over a range of timescales (immediate to many decades) and time courses (acute, chronic stable, progressive, relapsing/remitting). Vision: The University of Oxford Big Data Institute (BDI) sets out to be an international centre of excellence for the analysis of very large and complex biomedical data sets. The Institute will combine world-class academic leadership with a core infrastructure of cutting-edge technology and high calibre scientists. Built upon Oxford's internationally leading expertise in epidemiology, genomics, imaging, computer science, and infectious disease surveillance, the BDI will be a national resource for the development of new analytical methods to facilitate the generation, storage, analysis and sharing of data in very large clinical studies. This work will provide transformative advances in the speed and range of research into the causes and consequences, prevention and treatment of disease, and will be particularly relevant to understanding the role of genetic and environmental influences on common life-threatening and disabling diseases such as cancer, cardiac disease, stroke, and dementia.Knowledge Transfer: In addition to primary research, the BDI will play a major role in capacity building through training, dissemination of research methods, and stakeholder engagement:- A new MRC Big Data Training Academy will deliver an extensive, flexible and outward-looking portfolio of training and career development opportunities accessible to researchers of all levels within and outside Oxford, including a new doctoral training programme, support for post-doctoral training fellows, visitor and exchange programmes, and a broad range of short courses suitable for graduate training and continuing professional development.- Effective collaboration with local, national and international experts (including partnerships with academia, healthcare, and pharmaceutical and IT industries) will enhance the development, evaluation and adoption of new research methods and tools.- The Institute will work with regulators and other key stakeholders to develop standards for data storage, sharing and analysis; and to promote appropriate and proportionate regulatory and governance approaches that are fit-for-purpose in areas such as privacy, consent, information security, data access and sharing, intellectual property, and the intersection between research and routine practice.- Public engagement activities will promote understanding, address concerns, and develop trust in "Big Data" approaches to biomedical research.