权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Early macrostructural and microstructural cortical changes in Alzheimer's disease: longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of early change

阿尔茨海默病的早期宏观结构和微观结构皮质变化：早期变化的纵向和横断面研究

基本信息

批准号：
MR/M003108/1
负责人：
Philip Weston
金额：
$ 25.84万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FM003108%2F1
关键词：
Early macrostructural microstructural cortical changes

项目摘要

Alzheimer's disease is the commonest cause of dementia. Not only is Alzheimer's disease devastating for individuals and families but also represents a growing public health problem. Dementia research is therefore a key national and global priority. Alzheimer's disease is associated with the build up of abnormal proteins in the brain and loss of brain cells, both of which precede the onset of memory problems, probably by many years. Once loss of brain cells occurs, the damage is irreversible. Therefore, when drugs that can stop or slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease become available, ideally we would want to be able to identify and treat individuals at risk of developing dementia before symptoms had started. However, exactly how early this irreversible damage begins to occur is currently unclear, and detecting these early changes is difficult. Better techniques are urgently needed for identifying individuals at risk of Alzheimer's, for staging their disease, and for monitoring its progression.The cerebral cortex is the thin outermost layer of neural tissue (grey matter) on the brain's surface. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in our thought processes, from language and calculation to planning and attention. Abnormalities within the cerebral cortex occur very early in Alzheimer's disease. A number of new brain scanning techniques which may be able to detect very early changes in both the thickness and structure of the cortex, and its connections with other brain areas, have been developed. In addition to these brain scanning techniques, new memory tests have been developed which may be able to detect very early changes as the brain structures starts to become impaired. Taken together, these brain imaging techniques and memory tests may provide important information about the brain changes in Alzheimer's disease. Familial Alzheimer's disease is a rare form of the disease (accounting for less than 1% of cases) where the disease is inherited - usually at a young age - due to a genetic defect. Individuals from families with known genetic mutations have generously agreed to take part in longitudinal studies, which we have been running at the Dementia Research Centre for many years.We propose to evaluate the techniques described above to study individuals from families affected by familial Alzheimer's who are well, but who are at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. We will also assess people who already have symptomatic Alzheimer's disease and some healthy individuals for comparison. We will do this by acquiring detailed (MRI) brain scans, including the new techniques, in conjunction with detailed clinical and psychological assessments. We will examine how well each of these techniques can detect the earliest features of Alzheimer's disease, and how good each is at measuring change over time. We will also aim to improve our understanding of how early and where in the brain the first damage begins to occur. This information will be used to determine how best to run clinical trials in individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, which will ultimately increase our chances of finding an effective treatment.

阿尔茨海默氏症是痴呆症最常见的原因。阿尔茨海默病不仅对个人和家庭造成毁灭性的影响，而且是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。因此，痴呆症研究是国家和全球的一个关键优先事项。阿尔茨海默病与大脑中异常蛋白质的积累和脑细胞的丧失有关，这两者都早于记忆问题的出现，可能要早很多年。一旦脑细胞丢失，这种损害是不可逆转的。因此，当可以阻止或减缓阿尔茨海默病进展的药物出现时，理想情况下，我们希望能够在症状开始之前识别和治疗有患痴呆症风险的人。然而，这种不可逆转的损害究竟多早开始发生目前尚不清楚，而且很难检测到这些早期变化。迫切需要更好的技术来识别阿尔茨海默氏症的风险个体，分期他们的疾病，并监测其进展。大脑皮层是大脑表面最外层的神经组织(灰质)。大脑皮层在我们的思维过程中起着关键作用，从语言和计算到计划和注意力。在阿尔茨海默病中，大脑皮层的异常发生得很早。许多新的大脑扫描技术已经开发出来，这些技术可能能够很早就发现皮质厚度和结构的变化，以及它与其他大脑区域的联系。除了这些大脑扫描技术外，还开发了新的记忆测试，当大脑结构开始受损时，这种测试可能能够检测到非常早期的变化。综上所述，这些大脑成像技术和记忆测试可能会提供有关阿尔茨海默病大脑变化的重要信息。家族性阿尔茨海默病是一种罕见的疾病形式(占病例的不到1%)，这种疾病通常在年轻时由于基因缺陷而遗传。来自已知基因突变家庭的个人慷慨地同意参加我们在痴呆症研究中心进行了多年的纵向研究。我们建议评估上述技术，以研究来自受家族性阿尔茨海默氏症影响的家庭的个人，他们身体健康，但患阿尔茨海默病的风险很高。我们还将评估已经有症状的阿尔茨海默病患者和一些健康的人进行比较。我们将通过获取详细的(MRI)脑扫描，包括新技术，以及详细的临床和心理评估来做到这一点。我们将检查这些技术中的每一种都能多好地检测阿尔茨海默病的早期特征，以及每种技术在测量随时间变化方面的好坏。我们还将致力于提高我们对大脑第一次损伤开始发生的时间和地点的理解。这些信息将被用来确定如何最好地在患有阿尔茨海默病的风险人群中进行临床试验，这最终将增加我们找到有效治疗方法的机会。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Quantitative detection and staging of presymptomatic cognitive decline in familial Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective cohort analysis.

DOI：
10.1186/s13195-020-00695-2
发表时间：
2020-10-06
期刊：
Alzheimer's research & therapy
影响因子：
0
作者：
O'Connor A;Weston PSJ;Pavisic IM;Ryan NS;Collins JD;Lu K;Crutch SJ;Alexander DC;Fox NC;Oxtoby NP
通讯作者：
Oxtoby NP

Visuomotor integration deficits are common to familial and sporadic preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

DOI：
10.1093/braincomms/fcab003
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Brain communications
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Lu K;Nicholas JM;Weston PSJ;Stout JC;O'Regan AM;James SN;Buchanan SM;Lane CA;Parker TD;Keuss SE;Keshavan A;Murray-Smith H;Cash DM;Sudre CH;Malone IB;Coath W;Wong A;Richards M;Henley SMD;Fox NC;Schott JM;Crutch SJ
通讯作者：
Crutch SJ

Processing of Self versus Non-Self in Alzheimer's Disease.

DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2016.00097
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Frontiers in human neuroscience
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bond RL;Downey LE;Weston PS;Slattery CF;Clark CN;Macpherson K;Mummery CJ;Warren JD
通讯作者：
Warren JD

Factors associated with the onset and persistence of post-lumbar puncture headache.

DOI：
10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3974
发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
JAMA NEUROLOGY
影响因子：
29
作者：
Monserrate, Andres E.;Ryman, Davis C.;Ma, Shengmei;Xiong, Chengjie;Noble, James M.;Ringman, John M.;Morris, John C.;Danek, Adrian;Mueller-Sarnowski, Felix;Clifford, David B.;McDade, Eric M.;Brooks, William S.;Darby, David G.;Masters, Colin L.;Weston, Philip S. J.;Farlow, Martin R.;Graff-Radford, Neill R.;Salloway, Stephen P.;Fagan, Anne M.;Oliver, Angela;Bateman, Randall J.
通讯作者：
Bateman, Randall J.

Plasma phospho-tau181 in presymptomatic and symptomatic familial Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal cohort study.

DOI：
10.1038/s41380-020-0838-x
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
Molecular psychiatry
影响因子：
11
作者：
O'Connor A;Karikari TK;Poole T;Ashton NJ;Lantero Rodriguez J;Khatun A;Swift I;Heslegrave AJ;Abel E;Chung E;Weston PSJ;Pavisic IM;Ryan NS;Barker S;Rossor MN;Polke JM;Frost C;Mead S;Blennow K;Zetterberg H;Fox NC
通讯作者：
Fox NC

DOI：
{{ item.doi }}
发表时间：
{{ item.publish_year }}
期刊：
{{ item.journal_name }}
影响因子：
{{ item.factor }}
作者：
{{ item.authors }}
通讯作者：
{{ item.author }}

数据更新时间：{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

作者：
{{ item.author }}

数据更新时间：{{ monograph.updateTime }}

作者：
{{ item.author }}

数据更新时间：{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}

作者：
{{ item.author }}

数据更新时间：{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}

作者：
{{ item.author }}

数据更新时间：{{ patent.updateTime }}

Philip Weston其他文献

Duration of androgen deprivation therapy with postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a comparison of long-course versus short-course androgen deprivation therapy in the RADICALS-HD randomised trial

前列腺癌术后放疗雄激素剥夺疗法的持续时间：RADICALS-HD 随机试验中长程与短程雄激素剥夺疗法的比较

DOI：
发表时间：
2024
期刊：
The Lancet
影响因子：
0
作者：
C. Parker;H. Kynaston;Adrian D Cook;Noel W. Clarke;C. Catton;William R Cross;P. M. Petersen;R.A. Persad;Cheryl A Pugh;Fred Saad;J. Logue;Heather Payne;L. Bower;C. Brawley;M. Rauchenberger;M. Barkati;D. Bottomley;Klaus Brasso;Hans T Chung;Peter W M Chung;Ruth Conroy;A. Falconer;Victoria Ford;Chee L Goh;C. Heath;Nicholas D. James;C. Kim;Ravi Kodavatiganti;Shawn C Malone;Stephen L Morris;A. Nabid;A. Ong;R. Raman;S. Rodda;P. Wells;J. Worlding;W. Parulekar;M. Parmar;M. Sydes;C. Amos;Katherine Beaney;Katharine Bellenger;C. Brawley;C. Chung;Adrian D Cook;A. Embleton;S. Forcat;Cindy Goldstein;Jenna Grabey;Dominic Hague;Anna A. Herasimtschuk;Zaheer Islam;G. Jovic;C. Maniatis;Lindsey Masters;Fatima Mohamed;Rachel Morgan;Claire Murphy;Dipa Noor;Max Parmar;Pauline Patterson;Holly Pickering;Cheryl A Pugh;M. Rauchenberger;Helena Ribeiro;Carol Roach;Fatimah Seray;Preetha Shaji;Hannah Sims;Ben Spittle;M. Sydes;N. Tappenden;Lilian Tsang;B. Uscinska;Teddy Brown;Sue Casey;Cathy Davidson;Conor Dellar;Mandy Fletcher;Ralph Meyer;Karen Murphy;W. Parulekar;Harriet Richardson;Karen Richardson;K. Whelan;Donald Bissett;Shelagh Bonner;Judith Grant;R. Lynch;Graham MacDonald;Marie McWilliam;Rachel Moir;Sue Rodwell;Kirsty Shearer;Margaret Smith;Louise Binns;Maxine Briggs;Simon Brown;Nathalie Casanova;Katy Clark;Jasmine Hartley;Ann Henry;Helen Henson;Pipa Hill;G. Jeyasanger;Judy McAlister;Sharron Parkinson;Alison Shaw;Christopher Alcock;Joanne Brady;Philip Camilleri;Janice Carpenter;E. Hogbin;K. Hyde;Roisin Kavanagh;A. Ngumo;C. Padilla;Niki Panakis;T. Pwint;A. Sabharwal;Tracey Stammers;Helena Stone;Gail Varley;Andrew Weaver;Hazel Wynn;Elaine Allan;J. Ansari;Philip Cannon;Ross Carruthers;Claudia Coubrough;Chloe Cowan;Hilary Glen;Janet Graham;Maryon Hardie;Clare Love;Nicholas Macleod;Rana Mahmood;Jane McClements;B. McGlynn;Margaret McKernan;Nick Mcleod;Aqilah Othman;Kristy Ross;Patricia Roxburgh;Maureen Templeton;A. Tufail;C. Turley;Mark Wilson;Zulfiqer Ali;Kelly Andrews;Rebecca Burns;C. Butterworth;Thomas Coventry;Angela Evans;Gareth Jones;Sion Lewis;N. Oommen;Susan Owen;Wendy Saxton;Sister Hayley Tapping;Dianne Thomas;Rachel Thomas;Beth Walker;Rachel Williams;Susan Collard;Victoria Ford;Frances Goodhind;Becky Holbrook;Elizabeth Kershaw;S. Ley;Maria Martinez;Anne McCormack;D. Sheehan;Elizabeth Toy;Lynne Van;Mohini Varughese;Katherine Aitken;David Barlow;Louise Beattie;Godfrey Bownie;Rachel Bryan;Victoria Corner;Abigail Edwards;Adrienn Fazekasne Fulep;T. Guerrero;Julie Gwilt;Liz Happle;Dee Jackman;Beata Krysta;S. Paisey;Richard Shaffer;Jackie Smith;R. Westley;Hilawati Yusof;Rowan Appleby;J. Avis;Mark Beresford;Ruth Brydon;Christine Cox;Samantha Curtis;Christine Elwell;O. Frim;Beatrice Hamilton;Zoe Hudson;Abigail Jenner;M. Mantle;Jessica Mason;S. Masson;Jonathan McFarlane;Hugh Newman;Abigail Pocock;Bryony Robertson;Eve Tomlinson;R. Wassall;Sister Tania Williams (Née Allen);Grace Brown;Peter Clarke;Aiden Cole;Jane Cousins;Gail Gilchrist;Chris Hagan;Emma Hanna;Jackie Harney;Stacey Hetherington;Fionnuala Houghton;S. Hynds;Suneil Jain;Ruth Johnston;Patrick Keane;C. Lyons;J. Mcaleese;Jo McAllister;Karen McKenna;Darren Mitchell;Stacey Murray;Joe O'Sullivan;Nambi Rajan;Poh Lin Shum;David Stewart;S. Stranex;Grace Totten;Madhura Chandrashekara;Ellen Drew;Mary Drew;J. Fletcher;Tina Gamble;Rachel Lokes;Ann Schumacher;K. Shetty;Sundip Sohanpal;James Whitehouse;A. Zarkar;Dan Ford;J. Glaholm;Daniel Lenton;Rachael O'Beney;Helen Taylor;Helen Thomas;Samantha Chetiyawardana;A. Doherty;Ahmed El;Melanie Gunn;Nicholas D. James;Liz Kedge;Aliyah Mannan;Josephine Marange;Andrew Morrison;M. Okubanjo;Darlletta Olaniyi;Z. Peterkin;George Preece;Zayn Qureshi;Liliam Ross;Tarandip Samra;E. Southgate;Rebekah Stephens;Robert Stevenson;Phillip Watson;D. Abdulwahid;Sarah Ainsworth;Sue Ashworth;Karen Beard;N. Charnley;Parth Desai;Bethany Fielding;J. Flaherty;Diane Forrest;H. Frankland;Imran Haidar;Jeanette Hargreaves;Joanne Henry;Angela Hugill;K. Jewers;Sarah Keith;Stephen Kilroy;Jennifer King;O. Parikh;Karen Riley;J. Ryan;Jacqueline Thomas;C. Thompson;Vivienne Tickle;Lynsey Waring;Marcus Wise;Louise Dawson;Julie Ditchfield;Amir Al;Annette Bolger;L. Davies;A. Flavin;Jane Heron;Faye Hughes;Kim Jackson;Joanne Lewis;Rachel Manley;Charley;Nick Smith;V. Srinivasan;Jane Stockport;Heather Thomas;H. Toussi;Cathryn Wood;Simon Archer;Joanne Fletcher;Helen Ginnelly;A. Kirkby;Victoria Knight (n. Sherburn);Tara Lawrence nee Palmer;Beverley Mashegede;Karen Metcalf;M. Panades;T. Sreenivasan;K. Szymiczek;Isobel Thomas;Anita Young;Eve Broadley;Sue Brock;Joseph Davies;Stephanie Jones;Ruby McCully;Nicky Naraine;Kate Preece;L. Purandare;Taslima Rabbi;Sarah Savage;L. Vamplew;Linda Bamford;Richard Benton;Lauren Cotterill;Hayley Inman;L. Karsera;Anne Marie Kay;Lucille Kenyon;Jannika Lazarte;Dawn McNulty;Eleanor Moore;Chandran Nallathambi;Deirdre Naylor;L. Owen;Shefali Parikh;A. Pendrill;Joanne Price;Helen Robertshaw;S. Rodda;Jane Sewell;Mark Teo;Eleanor Waldron;D. Bloomfield;Tracy Blythe;Joanne Brown;Philippa Carr;Carla Chambers;Jessica Dlodlo;Paul Frattaroli;Duncan C Gilbert;Andrew Hart;Samantha Hodges;Simon Hooper;Catherine Hunter;Ranee Lactao;Madalena Leitao;F. McKinna;A. Nikapota;Jane Peterson;A. Robinson;Jean Tremlett;Andrew Webb;Marie Wilkins;Bobbie Young;Amit Bahl;M. Baxter;Dawn Bowers;Amarnath Challipalli;Marc Coe;Sue Cowley;D. Gillatt;Dorothy Griffiths;Verity Henson (nee Savidge);S. Hilman;Robert Hollister;M. Kisanga;Vivienne Lee;Amelia Lowe;R. Macefield;R. Pegler;Peter Robertson;Helen Saldanha;Mary Simmonds;Laura Sims;Lucie Wheeler;Paula Wilson;Martin Woods;S. Yarrow;Sarah Zelley;Mohamed Abd Alazeez;Kate Alderton;C. Brain;Helen Chilcott;S. Clarke;M. Cobos;Helen Corderoy;R. Cousins;Victoria Garner;Chris Herbert;Lyndsey Johnson;Kathryn Jones;Gail Kemp;Sarah Kirkby;Suriya Kirkpatrick;A. Koupparis;Courtney Manning;Jon Oxley;E. Perry;R.A. Persad;Charlotte Phipps;Kerry Richmond;Edward Rowe;Luke Shelton;Constance Shiridzinomwa;Carolyn Smith;Ann Treasure;Clare Wyatt;Katherine Beesley;Richard Benson;Ellie Couch;Sue Foxwell;V. Goss;Juliette Harnwell;Luke Hughes;Vicky Joslin;Angelique Laubscher;Danish Mazhar;H. Patterson;Sanjay Raj;Ramya Ramanujachar;Yvonne Rimmer;Nicola Robinson;S. Russell;Matthew Stone;Robert Thomas;J. Treeby;Kathryn Vickery;C. Woodward;Ilyas Ahmed;Bonny Appleby;P. Brulinski;Julie Buckley;Natalie Catt;Helen Coppins;Sister Denise Crawford;Julie;Susan Drakeley;Albert Edwards;Clary Evans;Joao Galante;L. Gladwell;Jessica Gough;C. Hargreaves;Gemma Hegarty;Laura Kehoe;Rachel Larkins;Margaret Lipsham;Jessica Little;R. Malde;Sharon Middleton;Christos Mikropoulos;Arafat Mirza;N. Mithal;Kannon Nathan;R. Raman;A. Rendall;Karen Robinson;Rachel Ryan;V.;Michelle Swann;Lorraine Tasker;Katy Taylor;Carys W. Thomas;I. Trigonis;Karen Walker;Joanne Williams;Elizabeth Williamson;Marian Wood;Pauline Wood;Hilary Zurakovsky;Elizabeth Bois (nee Harris);Hin Fan Chan;Loveness Chikopela;Helen Clark;Colette Clements;Samantha Holliday;Owen Hughes;Clare Jones;H. Kynaston;M. Mason;K. Narahari;Kevin Pearse;J. Staffurth;Mandy Austin;Christian Barnett;Sister Tracey Camburn;E. Dawson;S. Gibson;Abdel Hamid;K. Kancherla;Priscilla Leone;Lauren Perkins;Valerie Ramsay;B. Singizi;Julie Allen;Susan Anderson;Eleanor Andrews (nee Moore);Rehana Bakawala;Sarah Beazer;Colin Binks;J. Bowen;Barbara Broomfield;Audrey Cook;Lin Crossley;Chris Ford;Janet Forkes;Julia Hall;Jennifer Healey;Peter Jenkins;Nigel Johnson;S. Jonnada;Roger Owen;Elaine Pratten;Rachel Sayers;Chris Shimell;Amy Skelton;Matthew Tan;Kate Trigg;S. Wronski;M. Aldous;D. Archer;H. Eccleson;Elizabeth Gallimore;Sue Green;A. Ibrahim;Carys Jones;Jude Prince;M. Chrystal;Omar Din;Alexandra Firth;Nicky Ford;Peter Kirkbride;John Martindale;Alison Redfearn;Janine Smedley (nee McCabe);Lucy Smith;V. Sorice;L. Stevenson;J. Toms;Sister Kim Wood;Nyssa Barke;Devy Basu;Lorna Dewar;C. Driscoll;Liz Hunting;Muthar Kumar;L. Mabelin;Dakshinamoorthy Muthu Kumar;Bruce Sizer;Lucy Thorogood;Sarah Askew;Darren Beech;Jane Broom;E. Duley;Elizabeth Firth;Aaron Gould;Christopher Hocking;Louise Johns;Emma Kent;John Madine;Kerena Partridge;Corrine Penhaligon;Catherine Pentecost;Kay Pollard;Melissa Poultney;William Pynsent;Johanna Skewes;Anita Steele;Alastair H Thomson;Alice Topps;Luke Townley;D. Wheatley;Maggie Brown;Andrew Chan;Marie Connor;Sue Elwell;Kerry Geraghty;Theresa Griffiths;Lesley Hayward;C. Humber;Yakhub Khan;Sister Judith Lake;Rosaleen Laverick;Gemma Mansell;Albert Mislang;Su Ngwenya;Pritpal Panesar;Kay Sanders;Elaine Simmons;Melanie Sinfield;Laura Stanley;Emily Steventon;A. Stockdale;Manju Sunny;Manreet Thind;Fiona Tranter;M. Tsalic;Vanessa Adamson;Carole Bennion;Jenny Butler;Adele Hough;Chris Hough;Joanne Hughes;P. Irwin;P. Javle;Carolyn Mansfield;Rachel Smith;Lesley Sumner;Annabel Tomlinson;Anna Tran;Caroline Walker;J. Wylie;P. Chakraborti;Prantik Das;Dawn Ennis;Sue Marriott;Pugazhenthi Pattu;Colin Ward;M. Alzouebi;Barbara Burlace;C. Ferguson;Georgia Hooton;Nicole Jeffcutt;Amy Neal;C. Pezaro;Virgil Sivoglo;Jennifer Taylor;N. Wilkinson;N. Afzal;Beverley Anderson;Stephen Andrews;Piet Bakker;Sally Breakspear;A. Cornaby;P. Crellin;A. Gibbins;Jackie Gibbins;Tracy Glen;Josie Goodsell;Sarah Horton;Sally Love;Benjamin Masters;A. Rees;Simon Sharpe;Katy Taylor;Suzy Wignall;Sister Kath Harrow;Lesley Jones;Karen Kanyi;Pek Keng;Karen McGarry;Prakash Ramachandra;Angela Watts;Shelley Baumber;Joanna Howard;Kay Jones;C. Manetta;Lauren McCrisken;Jo;Amanda Williams;Alison Clark;Maria Clarke;Lisa Egan;Kathleen Fiddes;Susan Forman;Fiona Gardiner;David Jeffrey;Param Mariappan;Barbara Mayne;Duncan McLaren;Brian Rogers;Catherine Woods;Douglas Young;John Anderson;Kizzy Baines;M. Crundwell;Elizabeth Davey;Theresa Lawless;E. Matkins;Shannon McGinley;John McGrath;Jane Piper;Alison Roantree;Ingrid Seath;R. Srinivasan;Mark Stott;Katie Timmings;Claire Webb;A. Al;L. Barwell;David Dodds;Niall Finnegan;Ailsa Griffen;Rob Jones;C. Lawless;Antonia MacMillan;M. Russell;Azmat Sadozye;Sian Shirley;N. Sidek;Jan Wallace;Naeem Akhtar;Karen Bell;Louise Humpreys;Donna McWilliam;Emma Moody;Rebecca O'Neil;Suzannah Peck;Raidah Auladin;Stephanie Bird;Caterina Bissa;Marianne Dabbs;Fabio Di Maria;Chee L Goh;Joshua Harding;Ceri Jamieson;Jules Jones;S. Khaksar;R. Laing;Laura Matthews;Aruna Medisetti;Barbara Molony;J. Money;Jenny Nobes;Weronika Rabsztyn;Frances Sidi;D. Smale;Sarah Stone;Annie Tindall;Jane Woods;Min Wu;A. Daniel;Evelyn Holmes;J. Kellaway;Amanda Lewis;T. Light;Lucinda Melcher;Lily Robinson;N. Staines;Serrafina Carini;Sophie Cooper;Melanie Evans;Josh Follows;Warren Grant;A. Hedges;Claire Hughes;Janine Jones (Birch);Lisa King;Laura Lees;Lily Mercer;Sophie Myles;Zara Roberts;Nicola Williamson;Sara Abbassi;R. Alonzi;N. Anyamene;Julia Bici;Lucy Collins;Jeanette Dickson;Sandra Garrido;Peter J Hoskin;Robert Hughes;Suzanne Jenkins;Paulina Kowalewska;Jessica Milner;Lesley Mitchell;P. Ostler;Aamna Rashid;Stephanie Stapleton;F. Bashir;Linzi Bone;Diane Clark;Sanjay Dixit;Rhian Horne;Dawn Jones;Sarah Palmer;Kristian Plowman;Julie Rawlings;M. Simms;Anglise Addison;Seonaid Arnott;Sudhir Borgaonkar;Sandra Brown;Audrey Campbell;Steve Colligan;Margaret Cormack;Victoria Doughty;Kay Kelly;Debbie Lister;Alison Macdonald;Carol Macgregor;Rachel Mackay;J. Madeleine;Morag McNally;N. McPhail;Sean Neville;Alison Nicholls;A. Papakostidi;G. Simpson;Glenda Sinclair;Anna Skene;Sheena Telfer;Zoe Urquhart;David Whillis;Charlotte Etheridge;Amanda Ford;Paul Ridley;C. Scrase;Susan Upson;R. Venkitaraman;L. Capaldi;Mark J Churn;Linda Higgins;Helen Knott;Sally Stringer (pr. Davis);Jacob Taylor;H. Tranter;J. Wollaston;Stephanie Brogan (nee Roddie);Susan Erskine;Maureen Hamill;L. Prentice;L. Symon;S. Teahan;A. Todd;James Tweedle;Sally Young;Gemma Austin (nee Glover);Ian Boon;D. Bottomley;Edmund Breckin;Jude Clarke;Catherine Coyle;Emily Davies;James Goulding;A. Kiltie;C. Loughrey;Fatima Murad;Claire Pratt;Pam Shuttleworth;Beccy Smith;Gill Smith;Amy Branson (née Dineen);Sallyanne Christmas;Jill Cooke;Leyshon Griffiths;Christopher Kent;Amy King;R. Kockelbergh;J. Potterton;Lesley Speed;Subramanian Vasanthan;Julia Walker;Karin Baria;Samantha Bateman;Sarah Coombs;Amy Cunningham;N. Dahar;P. Daruwala;O. Francis;Jane Hall;Kathryn Hoare;Claire Key;Carol Lockwood;Ian Mark;Rachel Newton;A. Sloan;Nicola Bermingham;Lynsey Dean;Zafar Malik;Pauline Pilkington;Peter Robson;Heather Rogers;Thomas Rogers;K. Treherne;Amie Bourke;Bindu Chikkamuniyappa;Ross Dalton;Steve Edwards;Amy Ford;Sathish Harinarayanan;Nebah Hassan;G. Hornzee;Sophia Magwaro;Sue McInerney;Bhavesh Pratap;Sarah Rezkallah;Ibiyemi Sadare (Olaleye);M. Stancliffe;Simon Stewart;Anne;Anna Westrop;Sheefa Ahamadali;N. Arsanious;Shaki Balogun;Cheryl Batish;Yvonne Campbell;Claire Crowley;Emma Dunne;Miguel Ferreira;A. Haldeos;A. Hijab;R. Huddart;Babbin John;A. Michaelidou;Mohammed Nawrozzadeh;Jackie Pach;Priyanka Patel;Ann Payne;Matthew Perry;Maria Serra;Christine Springall;Jane Thompson;Sister Jane Thomson;A. Tree;Viviana Aya;R. Beaney;L. Bower;Lisa;Sally Donaghey;Hussain Gordon;Isabel Grau;Sarah Harris;Vesna Hogan;Brendan Hore;Simon Hughes;Katie Jones;Greg Kuenzig;Stephen L Morris;Dawn Nunney;Jessica Rashid;Philip Reynolds;Bali Rooprai;S. Mangar;Hanna Azirar;Tom Caumont;Nishi Gupta;Judy Hill;Stephen Karp;Sagal Kullane;Tina Macavoy;Farhad Neave;Jackie Newby;C. van Someren;Naomi Anderson;Lynda Annan;Juniebel Cooke;E. Douch;S. Fawcitt;Alexandra Gore;Sylvia Grieve;C. Jarvis;Angela McCadden;Sarah Needleman;Katherine Pigott;Hannah Powell;K. Ramtohul;N. Rosenfelder;M. Vilarino;Jennyfa Ali;Maryam Ali;Laillah;Trevor Bott;Emmanuel Brown;Hanna Bryant;Giulia Carlino;Cordelia Grant;Holly Hogan;Vincent Khoo;Chintan Mojidra;Joseph Montebello;Jennifer Morrison;M. Olabanji;Sijy Pillai;Bernard Siu;R. Stafferton;Sarah Storrs;D. Townsend;N. Van As;Vijitha Vijayakumar;Liam Welsh;D. Dearnaley;Annie Gao;A. Horwich;V. Lewington;John Marshall;Louise Murphy;C. Parker;Kirsty Beaton;Nanette Bech;Olivia Bolton;John Conibear;Fatjon Dekaj;Paul Hillman;Resmi Jayachandran;Alexandre Kaliski;Janet Kiff;Alastair Nicholson;Jude Nixon;Janet Oladimeji;Oscar Riches;Dan Smith;K. Tipples;P. Wells;Chris Anderson;Deirdre Daly;Serena Dover;C. Gilmartin;Sophie Golden;Jane Gregg;R. Issa;Titilayo Oni;Chandni Patel;Mark Quarrell;Debbie Rolfe;Helen Tighe;Jesusa Toledo;Juel Tuazon;R. Varro;V. Bohra;Mark Caballes;Laura Custins;Stephanie Ivie;Manisha Joshi;Joy Liau;Farhan Naim;Anup Patel;Byiravey Pathmanathan;Emily Russell;Anna Tippins;Didem Agdiran;Ajay Aggarwal;Thomas Amoaten;Natasha Aslam;Nicole Bonsu;Zainab Butt;Patricia Danaswamy;R. Davda;A. Gillesen;Roshni Goel;Rachel Khong;Suzy Lowi;Richard Merrick;Anita Mitra;Heather Payne;Jonathan Teh;Samantha Whinn;David Woolf;Helene Zilkha;L. Dawson;Emma Foster;A. Gillian;James Green;John Hines;Simon Holden;Memory Kazingizi;John O'Neill;Thompson Olaoni;John Peters;Timothy Philp;Sadaf Zaidi;A. Adeyoju;Victoria Adinkra;Richard Brough;Stephen CW Brown;Gerald Collins;L. Hardstaff;Pippa Hill;Magda Kujawa;Marilyn McCurrie;Barbara Townley;Iain Woodhouse;Waheed Zafar;S. Beesley;Vivienne Breen;Su Burrage;Clare Calvert;Alison Davison;Heather Dias;G. Fossey;Jodie Hotine;Ifan Jones;Carmel Jope;Yvonne Lines;Sarah Martins;Barbara Mercier;Jane Murray;Innocent Neshiri;I. Pamphlett;Ann Phillips;Pavnish Rai;Verity Roberts;Henry Taylor;Lisa Tribe;I. Bottomley;Jonathan Buchan;Viviana Carpio;Ananya Choudhury;Ruth Conroy;Richard Cowan;Sue Davison;Ian Duncan;Tony Elliott;Kim Fair;Adrian Fallaize;Laura Flanagan;Sarah Green;Catherine Harris;Amber Hart;Cathryn Jones;J. Livsey;Damian McCaul;Roonak Nazari;Carol Newbery;Kate O'Connor;Sister Jackie O'Dwyer;Joanne Oliver;Ekugbe Onoge;Maria Petsa;Catherine Redshaw;Sarah;Willemijn Spoor;Sister Viv Thomas;Holly White;Lucy Worsley;Linda Bailey;Molly Bennett;Rebecca Corless;Annie Duffy;Kathryn Fellows;A. Gipson;Helen Haydock;WF Knox;Sarah Liptrott;Fiona McCarth;Fiona McCartin;Heena Mistry;Thobekile Mthethwa;Lillian Partington;Lindsay Piper;Vijay Ramani;Sarah Sahin;Vijay Sangar;K. Slevin;Jonathan Tuck;Lorraine Atkinson;Sarah Barnbrooke;Alison Barnes;Caroline Brownless;David Chadwick;John Hardman;Keith Harland;Carol Long;S. McAuliffe;Julia McBride;Sister Patricia McClurey;Rita Mohan;Lynne Naylor;Clive Peedell;Paula Robson;Devadasan Shakespeare;Emma Thompson;H. van der Voet;David Wilson;Chris Barron;J. Frew;Katy Lambert;R. McMenemin;I. Pedley;D. Riseborough;Trevor Roberts;Emma Stockley;Jonathan Stoddart;Janine Tate;Jayashree Walker;Bridget Workman;Debra Barnett;Adam Carter;Adam Cox;Alison Davey;Kirstin Davies;Lisa Gilby;S. Hodge;S. Kearney;Helene Lavender;Janet Marty;Maxine Nash;Syhed Rahman;Jayne Richards;Julie Simpson;Elaine Wall;Paula Webb;Karen Wild;Jim Wilson;J. Branagan;Gillian Dell;Maxine Foo;Ruby Goyena;Andrea Jones;Hazel McBain;Katherine McGrath;Jane O'Callaghan;Dorai Ramanathan;Elizabeth Tee;Bronwen Thominson;Rachel Tighe (nee Bussey);J. Beety;Richard Birch;Mark Bloomfield;Sara Callam;A. Cooper;Helen Darby;Gail Healey;K. Heasley;Guarav Kapur;Clare London;Katrien Oosterom;J. Ostrowski;Bridget Shobrook;Sarah Turner;Rob Wade;Suzanne Walker;S. Walton;C. Websdale;Joanna White;Leanne Alder;Rachael Chivers;Carol Gooch;Lucy Howard;C. Hutchinson;Cody Jevons;Daniel Kumar;Hazel Marley;Jamie Mills;Hanna Purves;I. Sayers;Santhanam Sundar;Jacob Szolin;Georgina Walker;Catherine Wood;Wendy Cook;Lisa Gill;Joanne Johnson;D. Johnstone;Richard Jones;Leena Mistry;L. Scarratt;A. Aiku;D. Ajzensztejn;Hiba Al;Gerard Andrade;D. Barber;Sylwia Bekulart;Gagan Bhatnagar;Jane Boutflower;Simon Brewster;Anne Butterfield;Weronika Carroll;David J Cole;Tim Coutts;Kerrie Doyle;Lisa Durrant;Trish Green;Raj Jampana;P. Jastrzebska;Phillippa Kyffin;Nicole Langridge;Sarah Lawrey;Sarah Markus;Kerrie Marston;Matthew Mooney;Sandra Mukkath;Ann Murphy;Rob Owens;Sarah Ruane;Ahmad Sabbagh;Grace Samkange;Naveen Sankighatta;M. Skwarski;Robert Stuart;Sandie Wellman;Jo Wilson;Kerrie Cavanagh;A. Hollingdale;Susan Allen;Elisa Barter;Debbie Gregory;Charlotte Ingle;Steph Lawrence;P. Rooney;Emma Bishop;Maria Brennan;Lyn Cogley;J. C. Hammonds;Paul McInerney;Esther McLarty;Salvatore Natale;S. Pascoe;Keith Purcell;Henry Sells;Sharah Tyner;Victoria yates;Neal Beamish;Hilary Blaney;Felicity Clapp;Elizabeth Clarke;Teresa Coffin;Joseph Davies;N. Downs;Sally Gillespie;Louise Heckford;A. Iskender;Sara Orford;Sandy Pressdee;Sophie Rix;R. Wheelwright;Elizabeth Woodward;Seonaid Wright;Kathy Blight;Tracey Dobson;Jennifer Hale;Angie Harris;Ghassan Khoury;K. Madhava;Lorna Meadows;Yoodhvir S Nagar;Mila Roca;Wendy Stacey;Anna Stephenson;Maja Uherek;Azarel Virgo;Catrin Watkinson;Alison J. Birtle;Zainab Chauhan;S. Cornthwaite;Sandra Curtis;R. Ellard;Nathan Fish;Billy Hefferon;Claire Searle;H. Spickett;Catherine Walmsley;Jane Atkinson;Richard B Brown;Debbie Cartwright;Kristy Coomber;Allison Hunt;Wioletta Kowalczyk;Christina Lewis;Stephen Parr;Helen Purdon;Paul Rogers;Emma Vowell;Wendy Featherstone;Joanna Hamilton;Alison Harrison;Margaret Hindle;Hayley Hodson;Andrea Isaew;Jeanette Knapp;Sarah Moss;S. Gibbs;Sandeep Gujral;R. Jannapureddy;Anand Kelkar;M. Martinou;T. Mills;Neale O'Brien;Ramachandran Subramaniam;Saad Tahir;M. T. Vandal;Thi Vu;Rachael Allen;Chris Betts;Amanda Bowmer;Noel W. Clarke;Amanda Cordwell;Soney Dharmaprasad;Claire Duncan (nee Keatley);Christine Farnworth;Helen Farrell;Siny George;Kay Goulden;Leah Harter;Malan Kaushal;Sister Sarah Kirk;Maurice Lau;A. Lydon;Kieran O'Flynn;Danielle Platt;D. Shackley;Garry Stevenson;Sister Melanie Taylor;Chloe;Cellins Vinod;Oliver Wadsworth;Sister Jill Youd;Julie Attlee;A. Bhatnagar;Sarah Bunn;Allister Campbell;M. El;R. Fennelly;Peter Guy;L. Mattocks;Gregor Mcintosh;Brenda Murphy;Catherine Reed;S. Strong;Gemma Tedd;Kathleen Dent;Marion Hood;Karen Martin;Sandra Pearson;D. Potoczna;S. Spencer;Jo Towse;N. Whotton;Katie Bowen;Su Clark;Rachael Clarke;Kate Gibbins;Jackie Martin;Susan Smith;C. Spalton;Jessica Tay;Marion Adams;Emma Bates;Indukala Chennattukungu;Joanna Clancy;Vanessa Cross;Hayley Hughes;Sanal Jose;Sunita Kurian;Elena Michael;Sister Helen Moore;Karen Nicholas;Suzanne Pope;Sally Potts;Ravi Prashant;Harpreet Singh;Sandra Smith;N. Srihari;Emma Weaver;Ali Abbas;N. Barnes;Nicola Dallas;Sister Ann Jackson;N. Kader;Omer Karim;M. Laniado;Jayne Litchfield;Sana Mahmood;Helen O'Donnell;Victoria Robinson;Alison Sears;Shahid Sharif;Ana Sierra Pala;Julie;Sister Catherine Smith;J. Ashcroft;J. Boardman;Jeanette Bowes;Rebecca Brown;Alison Chedham;Flora Darch;Michelle Farrar;J. Foot;Simon Goldsworthy;J. Graham;E. Gray;Sarah Green;J. Jelski;O. Kalejaiye;M. Keni;A. Locke;Sue Mahoney;F. McMeekin;Manivannan Periasamy;Tamlyn Russell;Elizabeth Ruszala;S. Segaran;Mary Tighe;R. Wallbutton;Christine Webster;A. Whitcher;Sarah Wiggins;Martha Wrigley;Maria Zietz;Julie Abab;Kirsty Cumming;Lucy Galloway;Malavika Ganabady;Annelise Haskell;C. Heath;Naomi James;Julie Kennedy;Victoria McFarlane;Fabiola Morales;Susan Morton;Carina Mundy;Mark Noble;A. Paschalis;Julie Patrick;Leanne Reader;Lisa Taylor;Shauna Wakefield;Imtiaz Ahmed;Sue Bowman;Olivia Chan;A. Cyriac;Tracey Davies;Katrina Maitland;J. Prejbisz;Sheila Reece;Heather Shires;D. Tsang;Eleanor Anscombe;WA Brough;P. Clitheroe;Tracie Cocks;Sarah Connolly nee McKenna;Sam Corcoran;Tricia Coughlan;Christina Gilmour;Emma Goodwin;Susan Graham;Umi Hatimy;Sheila Hodgkinson;John Kilmartin;Lucy Orrell;Carol Rotherham;Sarah Smallwood;Jill Taylor;Elliott Wiss;F. Adab;R. Bhana;K. Dhinakaran;Marion Evans;Alison Myatt;Katrina Parkinson;Angela Peake;Elizabeth Sellars;Rowena Smith;Julie Storer;Georgia Thomasson;S. Vengalil;Jenny Walton;Angela Ward;Samantha Boam;Jamie;Eliot Chadwick;S. Gill;Steve Haigh;Keri Hollis;Jun Lim;Alastair McCabe;Lyndsey Munson;D. Nash;Daniel Saunders;Susan Smith;Lynne Wade;Elizabeth Evans;Alex Franklin;Emily Harris (n. Marchant);Maria Johnstone;Lewis Jones;Nicola Lemon;Mau;D. Pudney;Rachael Spence;Alison Stretch;Ellen Tait;Bethan Williams;Rebecca Belcher;Shiroma De Silva;Sister Jan Dodge;Sarah Grayland;Ania Jones;Omar Khan;Tim Owen;Debbie Palmer;Cerila Parajes;S. Pegler;Abbie Poole;Sister Tracey Sargent;Ellen Starling;Becky Taylor;Sister Helen Winter;V. Zinyemba;Michele Allison;Martyn Blundell;Catherine Brookman;Jon Buckley;Shelley Chamberlain;Donna Cuffe;Stacey Davies;Claire Fairfax;Helen Greedus;Hannah Griffin;Ingrid Koehler;A. Lydon;Jorg Michels;Julia Pym;Fiona Roberts;Lorraine Thornton;Elaine Vandecandalaere;Erica Watts;Linda Welsh;Jim Anderson;Julie Anderson;Julie Ball;Louise Benton;Richard Bowers;Rohit Chahal;Peter Dickinson;Chris Fosker;J. Heeley;S. Kanaga;Stephen Littler;Jonathan Slack;S. Sundaram;B. Taylor;Philip Weston;Judith Chettle;Lyn Hartwell;Ashley Johnson;Julia Jones;Helen Millage;Eilish O'Neill;Donna Walsh;Kerrie Webb;Joanne Williams;H. Dymond;S. Eleftheriadis;Hugh Lloyd;Tom Wells;Sarah Bennett;Sharon Dunn;D. Fildes;A. Hassall;Gaynor Herbert;Kathryn Hughes;Helen Innes;Alison Kelly;J. Littler;Laurie Lomax;Nikki Miller;Chris Nutman;Matthew Stott;I. Syndikus;S. Tolan;Alison Weston;Ivanna Baker;Vanda Carter;Jenny Chatfield;Peter Cooke;Anna Grant;David Homer;Christine Kirk;Claire Lomas;Marian McCormick;Arizoo Mohseeni;Renita Pawaroo;L. Radford;Jason Rogers;A. Samanci;Emma Sharman;Hazel Spencer;Debbie Spruce
通讯作者：
Debbie Spruce