A.Tiono, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme - Investigating the Human Malaria Reservoir of Transmission during Pregnancy

A.Tiono，国家研究中心和疟疾形成中心 - 调查怀孕期间人类疟疾传播的储存库

• 批准号: MR/P02016X/1
• 负责人: Chris Drakeley
• 金额: $ 95.82万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FP02016X%2F1
• 关键词: A.Tiono; Centre; National; de; Recherche

Malaria affects millions of individuals annually and is most harmful to children and pregnant women. However, in recent years there has been considerable success in controlling malaria reducing the levels of both infections and deaths. This has been achieved by high levels of use mosquito nets and the availability of effective drugs. This success has prompted many countries to think about eliminating malaria altogether. Eliminating malaria will require additional and different approaches in that it will be necessary to identify people who transmit the infection to mosquitoes. These may be different to those who are sick. A number of studies have shown that there are individuals with low levels of malaria parasites who are asymptomatic and a few studies show that these low level infections can be transmitted to mosquitoes. So, at the moment there is surprisingly little data on who might transmit the parasites to mosquitoes. This is important to know because it will help design approaches to control malaria that will be more effective both in terms of the speed they work and the cost to carry them out. For example, if we know who the main people or groups of people are then it would be easier to target them with specifically.One group of individuals that realistically might infect mosquitoes more are pregnant women. Malaria is particularly harmful to pregnant women as the placenta provides a new environment for parasites to develop and grow in. It is because of this that pregnant women have higher chances of infection and when they are infected have higher numbers of parasites than non-pregnant women or men of the same age. Women in their first or second infections in pregnancy are most at risk. Anywhere between 1 and 5% of the population ae pregnant at one time and thus this is a substantial proportion of potentially infected and infectious individuals.In this study we aim to calculate how much pregnant women contribute to malaria transmission. To do this we will describe the levels of stages of the malaria parasite that can infect mosquitoes in pregnant women compared with other members of the population. We will also see if these parasites are found in specialised locations in pregnant women. We will also check if pregnant women are bitten more by mosquitoes and infect mosquitoes more than non pregnant women and other members. Finally, we will combine these data in a series of simulations to work out what the best approaches to preventing transmission in pregnant women so that we can advise malaria control programmes if a focus on pregnant women is necessary and if so how this should be done.

疟疾每年影响数百万人，对儿童和孕妇的危害最大。然而，近年来在控制疟疾方面取得了相当大的成功，降低了感染率和死亡率。这是通过大量使用蚊帐和提供有效药物实现的。这一成功促使许多国家考虑彻底消除疟疾。消灭疟疾将需要采取更多和不同的办法，因为有必要查明将疟疾传染给蚊子的人。这些可能与生病的人不同。一些研究表明，有些人的疟疾寄生虫水平低，但没有症状，一些研究表明，这些低水平的感染可以传播给蚊子。因此，目前关于谁可能将寄生虫传播给蚊子的数据少得令人惊讶。了解这一点很重要，因为它将有助于设计控制疟疾的方法，这些方法在工作速度和实施成本方面都更有效。例如，如果我们知道主要的人或人群是谁，那么就更容易针对他们进行特定的目标。实际上可能更多地感染蚊子的一群人是孕妇。疟疾对孕妇尤其有害，因为胎盘为寄生虫的发育和生长提供了新的环境。正因为如此，孕妇有更高的感染机会，当他们被感染时，寄生虫的数量比非孕妇或同龄男子要多。怀孕期间第一次或第二次感染的妇女风险最大。任何地方都有1%到5%的人口同时怀孕，因此这是潜在感染和传染性个体的一个相当大的比例。在这项研究中，我们的目的是计算孕妇对疟疾传播的贡献。为了做到这一点，我们将描述疟疾寄生虫的阶段，可以感染蚊子在孕妇与其他成员的人口相比。我们还将观察这些寄生虫是否在孕妇的特定部位发现。我们还将检查孕妇是否比非孕妇和其他成员更容易被蚊子叮咬和感染蚊子。最后，我们将联合收割机在一系列模拟中结合这些数据，以确定预防孕妇传播的最佳方法，以便我们可以建议疟疾控制方案，如果有必要重点关注孕妇，以及如果有必要，应该如何做。

项目成果

Additional file 1 of Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Burkina Faso: a community-based cross-sectional survey

布基纳法索孕妇恶性疟原虫感染的危险因素附加文件 1：基于社区的横断面调查

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16575854
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Yaro J