VESTIBULAR REGULATION OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ACTIVITY

呼吸肌活动的前庭调节

• 批准号: 2909926
• 负责人: BILL J YATES
• 金额: $ 16.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2909926
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; brain stem; cats; decerebration; ferrets; head movements; laryngeal nerves; medulla oblongata; motor neurons; neuronal transport; posture; pulmonary respiration; respiratory muscles; respiratory reflex; vagus nerve; vestibular apparatus; vestibular nerve; vestibular nuclei

DESCRIPTION: Our previous work has demonstrated that the vestibular system has strong influences on muscles that reduce respiration, including the diaphragm, abdominal muscles (the major expiratory muscles), and muscles at regulate the resistance of the upper airway. All of the respiratory outflows examined so far are most powerfully influenced by pitch rotations that activate otolith organs, with nose-up tilt increasing respiratory muscle activity. Nose-up tilt in quadrupeds also challenges breathing, suggesting that vestibulo-respiratory reflexes are important for maintaining stable ventilation during changes in posture. Presumably, deficits in vestibulo-respiratory responses would lead to unstable blood oxygenation during postural changes, as occurs in medical conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea. Our work has also shown that brainstem neurons in addition to those that generate the respiratory cycle relay vestibular signals to respiratory motoneurons. In this way, vestibulo-respiratory reflexes are similar to vomiting, which also involves contraction of respiratory muscles that is elicited in part by neurons outside the major brainstem respiratory groups. A common pool of brainstem neurons may mediate both responses. The aims of this renewal application fall into two groups. In the first two aims, we will further characterize the properties of vestibulo-respiratory reflexes in both decerebrate and awake animals, to provide a better appreciation of the physiological significance of these responses. We will examine how inputs from neck and vestibular receptors are integrated by respiratory pathways, and will test the hypothesis that vestibulo-respiratory reflexes have similar characteristics in awake animals as in decerebrate preparations. In the second group of specific aims, we will determine the neural pathways that relay vestibular signals to respiratory motoneurons. We will use neuroanatomical techniques to determine the locations of neurons outside of the major respiratory groups that project to respiratory motoneurons, and will analyze the responses of these neurons to vestibular stimulation. Knowledge about vestibular influences on respiratory muscles will be compared to existing information about other vestibulo-spinal reflexes, which may lead to new insights about the role of vestibular signals in motor control. In addition, these experiments will reveal the possible medical consequences of deficiencies in vestibulo-respiratory reflexes, and will provide evidence that will be important in providing treatments for these conditions. Thus, the proposed experiments have both scientific and potential clinical value.

描述：我们之前的工作已经证明前庭系统 对减少呼吸的肌肉有很大的影响，包括 横膈膜，腹肌（主要的呼气肌），以及 调节上呼吸道的阻力。 所有的呼吸 到目前为止所研究的外流受俯仰旋转的影响最大 激活耳石器官，鼻子向上倾斜增加呼吸 肌肉活动 四足动物的鼻子向上倾斜也会对呼吸造成挑战， 这表明前庭呼吸反射对于维持 在改变姿势时保持稳定的通气。 据推测， 前庭呼吸反应会导致血氧不稳定 在姿势变化期间，如在诸如阻塞性疾病的医疗条件下发生的， 睡眠呼吸暂停 我们的工作还表明，脑干神经元除了 那些产生呼吸周期的细胞将前庭信号传递给 呼吸运动神经元 通过这种方式，前庭呼吸反射 类似于呕吐，也涉及呼吸肌的收缩 这部分是由脑干主要呼吸系统外的神经元引起的， 组 一个共同的脑干神经元池可能介导这两种反应。 这一更新申请的目的分为两组。 前两 目的，我们将进一步表征前庭呼吸的性质， 去大脑和清醒动物的反射，以提供更好的 对这些反应的生理意义的理解。 我们将 研究颈部和前庭感受器的输入是如何整合的， 呼吸道，并将测试假设， 前庭呼吸反射在清醒的动物中具有类似的特征 如去大脑制剂。 在第二组具体目标中，我们 将决定传递前庭信号的神经通路 呼吸运动神经元 我们将使用神经解剖学技术 确定主要呼吸群以外的神经元的位置 投射到呼吸运动神经元，并将分析 这些神经元受到前庭刺激。 关于前庭对呼吸肌的影响的知识， 与有关其他前庭脊髓反射的现有信息相比， 这可能会导致关于前庭信号在运动中的作用的新见解， 控制 此外，这些实验将揭示可能的医疗 前庭呼吸反射缺陷的后果，并将 提供的证据将是重要的，在提供治疗这些 条件 因此，拟议的实验既具有科学性， 潜在的临床价值。