Vestibular Regulation of Respiratory Muscle Activity

呼吸肌活动的前庭调节

• 批准号: 7039304
• 负责人: BILL J YATES
• 金额: $ 28.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7039304
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; biological signal transduction; cats; electromyography; ferrets; gamma aminobutyrate; glycine; head movements; medulla oblongata; motor neurons; neuronal transport; neurotransmitters; posture; pulmonary respiration; respiration regulatory center; respiratory muscles; reticular formation; vestibular apparatus; vestibular nerve

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A variety of experimental approaches have established that the vestibular system contributes to making adjustments in the activity of thoracic and abdominal respiratory pump muscles as well as muscles that regulate the resistance of the upper airway during movement and changes in posture. However, these effects are complex, such that the physiological role of the vestibular system in regulating the movement of air in and out of the lungs is not yet clear. Specific Aim 1 of the current proposal will determine this role by examining the consequences of a bilateral labyrinthectomy on the pressure, volume, and flow rate of air exchanged during inspiration and expiration as body orientation with respect to gravity is altered. Prior experiments have also shown that some of the neurons that relay vestibular signals to respiratory motoneurons are located in the medial medullary reticular formation, but that these cells are insufficient to produce vestibulo-respiratory responses. Our anatomical studies and physiological studies by others have revealed that additional premotor respiratory neurons are located in the spinal cord. Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that spinal interneurons are elements in the neuronal circuit that mediates vestibular system influences on the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Patterned contractions of respiratory muscles are additionally responsible for producing vomiting; vestibular signals trigger this motor activity during emesis associated with motion sickness. However, the neural circuit that elicits vomiting has not yet been established, although recent evidence suggests that cells in the medial medullary reticular formation are important components in this pathway. Specific Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that medial medullary reticular formation neurons coordinate the patterned discharges of respiratory muscles that underlie vomiting, including emesis associated with motion sickness. Together, these experiments should establish the particular role that labyrinthine signals serve in adjusting the activity of respiratory muscles to compensate for the effects of gravity on these muscles, the airways, and the lungs. In addition, the location and physiological characteristics of premotor neurons that mediate labyrinthine influences on respiratory motoneuron firing, both during postural alterations and emesis, will be ascertained.

描述（由申请人提供）：各种实验方法已经确定，前庭系统有助于在运动和姿势变化期间调节胸和腹呼吸泵肌肉以及调节上气道阻力的肌肉的活动中进行调整。然而，这些影响是复杂的，使得前庭系统在调节空气进出肺的运动中的生理作用尚不清楚。当前提案的具体目标1将通过检查双侧椎间盘切除术对吸气和呼气期间交换的空气的压力、体积和流速的影响来确定这一作用，因为相对于重力的身体取向发生了改变。先前的实验也表明，一些神经元，中继前庭信号呼吸运动神经元位于内侧延髓网状结构，但这些细胞不足以产生前庭呼吸反应。我们的解剖学研究和其他人的生理学研究表明，额外的运动前呼吸神经元位于脊髓中。具体目标2将检验以下假设：脊髓中间神经元是神经元回路中的元件，其介导前庭系统对空气进出肺的运动的影响。呼吸肌的模式化收缩也是产生呕吐的原因;前庭信号在与晕动病相关的呕吐期间触发这种运动活动。然而，尚未建立起诱发呕吐的神经回路，尽管最近的证据表明内侧延髓网状结构中的细胞是这一通路的重要组成部分。具体目标3将检验以下假设：内侧延髓网状结构神经元协调呼吸肌的模式化放电，这是呕吐的基础，包括与晕动病相关的呕吐。总之，这些实验应该可以确定谷胱甘肽信号在调节呼吸肌活动中的特殊作用，以补偿重力对这些肌肉、气道和肺部的影响。此外，将确定在姿势改变和呕吐期间介导多巴胺对呼吸运动神经元放电的影响的运动前神经元的位置和生理特征。