DEVELOPMENT OF EFFORTFUL CONTROL

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：本项目的目标 项目旨在追踪各个时代之间努力控制的发展 37 个月和 48 个月时，调查儿童的言语和身体状况 在此期间进行控制的自我监管策略。 努力的 控制是良心发展的主要贡献者 儿童和成人的情绪控制。 三个要素 执行控制包括：（1）解决冲突，（2） 监控错误；(3) 调整行为以满足情境需求。 两项拟议的横断面研究将提供细粒度的分析 执行控制的这些组成部分之间的关系 将使用修改后的 Simon-Says 任务来引发冲突，然后检查 儿童抑制控制的发展、控制策略、 和错误检测。 第二项研究将引入随机混合冲突 和非冲突试验来检查这些功能的发展和 探索它们在每个研究年龄是否独立发挥作用。 这两项研究都将使用儿童行为问卷（CBQ） 照顾者的气质报告，以检查之间的关系 儿童解决冲突、发现错误和制定策略的能力 在实验室中使用，以及照顾者报告儿童的水平 自然环境中的努力控制和负面影响。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The objectives of this project are to trace the development of effortful control between the ages of 37 and 48 months, and to investigate children's verbal and physical self-regulatory strategies for control during this period. Effortful control is a major contributor to the development of conscience and the control of emotion for both children and adults. Three elements of executive control include: (1) conflict resolution, (2) the ability to monitor errors and (3) modulation of behavior to meet situational demands. Two proposed cross-sectional studies would provide a fine-grained analysis of the relationship among these components of executive control The first would use a modified Simon-Says task to induce conflict, and then examine the development of children's inhibitory control, strategies for control, and error detection. A second study would introduce randomly mixed conflict and non-conflict trials to examine the development of these functions and explore whether they function independently at each of the ages studied. Both studies would use the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), a caregiver report of temperament, to examine the relationship between children's capacity for conflict resolution, error detection and strategy use in the laboratory, and caregiver report of children's levels of effortful control and negative affect in naturalistic settings.