Understanding adaptation to increase temperature robustness in wheat

了解提高小麦温度鲁棒性的适应性

基本信息

批准号：
MR/S031677/1
负责人：
Laura Dixon
金额：
$ 92.79万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FS031677%2F1
关键词：
Understanding adaptation increase temperature robustness

项目摘要

Wheat is the UK's primary arable crop and provides a large proportion of the global calorie, protein and micro-nutrient requirements for both humans and livestock. Current predictions indicate that a 1C increase in global temperature would lead to a 4.1-6.3% decrease in wheat yield, yet yield needs to be increased by an estimated 60% by 2050 to meet the demands of a growing population. To address this challenge and improve the reliability of the wheat yield to changing climates we must understand how plants respond to temperature. I will utilise the naturally existing genetic diversity in wheat and combine this with recently curated mutant populations and the newly annotated wheat genome sequence to identify genes and biological processes involved in temperature adaptation in wheat. Currently, we do not understand the genetic or molecular basis of how wheat responds to temperatures under standard growing conditions, ~6-24C. My recent research focuses on this temperature range and has challenged the assumption that the response to overwintering (vernalization) only occurs at < 6C. This was identified after I observed heat activation of the same genes that function in low temperature vernalization. This raises the possibility that many of the genes involved in the vernalization response can also be employed to regulate and increase crop robustness and yield at higher ambient temperatures. I plan to build on this discovery by identifying other genes involved in regulating the key developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive growth under field conditions, and then explore how these genes function (Objective 1). To date the majority of research on temperature responses has been limited to constant controlled temperature conditions, yet my research indicates that the mechanisms by which plants respond to variable temperatures, such as those experienced by crop plants growing in the field, are actually quite different. I will also investigate the molecular function of genes which have been shown to be important in vernalization and identify the proteins they interact with and how they function under different temperature conditions (Objectives 2 and 3). Finally, I will investigate methods to accelerate vernalization under experimental conditions to increase research and wheat breeding capabilities with wheat that requires vernalization (Objective 4). This Fellowship is timely as it combines my recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of temperature responses in wheat with the newly (2018) released wheat genome sequence, curated mutant populations and high-throughput genome sequencing capabilities. The Fellowship will be conducted at the University of Bristol as this will facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations as well as collaborations within the renowned School of Biological Sciences. In addition, Bristol has established field trial sites and world-leading sequencing resources, both of which are important for this research. The Fellowship will also support collaboration between the Fellow and industry to enable knowledge exchange from this research to influence the performance of wheat under diverse environmental conditions. This research will advance our knowledge of temperature adaptation in wheat and enable the formation of an integrated understanding of how plants use temperature to regulate key developmental decisions. This will have societal benefit by providing information and resources that can be exploited in the wheat breeding industry, for example, to reduce the duration of breeding cycles and provide methods to increase the robustness of wheat yield to the erratic temperature patterns associated with climate change.

小麦是英国的主要农作物，为人类和牲畜提供了很大一部分全球卡路里，蛋白质和微营养素的需求。目前的预测表明，全球温度的升高将导致小麦产率下降4.1-6.3％，但到2050年估计需要增加60％的收益率才能满足人口增长的需求。为了应对这一挑战并提高小麦产量对不断变化的气候的可靠性，我们必须了解植物对温度的反应。我将利用小麦自然存在的遗传多样性，并将其与最近精选的突变体和新注释的小麦基因组序列结合起来，以鉴定与小麦温度适应有关的基因和生物学过程。目前，我们不理解小麦在标准生长条件下如何反应温度的遗传或分子基础，〜6-24c。我最近的研究重点是该温度范围，并提出了一个假设，即对越冬（春化）的反应仅发生在<6C下。在我观察到在低温春化中起作用的相同基因的热量激活后，这是发现的。这增加了可能在较高的环境温度下调节和增加作物的鲁棒性和产量的可能性。我计划通过鉴定与调节在田间条件下从营养到生殖生长的关键发育过渡相关的其他基因，然后探索这些基因的作用（目标1），从而建立在这一发现的基础上（目标1）。迄今为止，大多数关于温度反应的研究仅限于恒定的控制温度条件，但我的研究表明，植物对可变温度的响应的机制，例如田间生长的作物植物所经历的机制实际上是完全不同的。我还将研究基因的分子功能，这些基因在春季中很重要，并确定与它们相互作用的蛋白质以及它们在不同温度条件下的功能（目标2和3）。最后，我将研究在实验条件下加速春化的方法，以增加需要春化的小麦的研究和小麦育种能力（目标4）。该奖学金是及时的，因为它结合了我最近在理解小麦温度反应的分子基础的进步与新的（2018年）释放小麦基因组序列，策划的突变体和高通量基因组测序能力。奖学金将在布里斯托大学进行，因为这将有助于跨学科的合作以及著名的生物科学学院内的合作。此外，布里斯托尔还建立了现场试验地点和世界领先的测序资源，这对这项研究很重要。奖学金还将支持同伴和行业之间的合作，以使这项研究的知识交流能够影响各种环境条件下的小麦表现。这项研究将提高我们对小麦温度适应的了解，并能够形成对植物如何使用温度调节关键发展决策的综合理解。例如，这将通过提供可以在小麦育种行业中利用的信息和资源来获得社会利益，例如，减少育种周期的持续时间，并提供将小麦产量鲁棒性提高到与气候变化相关的不稳定温度模式的方法。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Cereal Architecture and Its Manipulation

DOI：
10.1002/9781119312994.apr0648
发表时间：
2022-02
期刊：
Annual Plant Reviews online
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Laura E. Dixon;W. Esse;Dominique Hirsz;V. Willemsen;Sarah M. McKim
通讯作者：
Laura E. Dixon;W. Esse;Dominique Hirsz;V. Willemsen;Sarah M. McKim

Temperature Control of Plant Development

DOI：
10.1002/9781119312994.apr0745
发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
K. O'Connor;Pablo González-Suárez;Laura E. Dixon
通讯作者：
K. O'Connor;Pablo González-Suárez;Laura E. Dixon

Harnessing Landrace Diversity Empowers Wheat Breeding for Climate Resilience

DOI：
10.1101/2023.10.04.560903
发表时间：
2023-10
期刊：
bioRxiv
影响因子：
0
作者：
Shifeng Cheng;Cong Feng;L. Wingen;Hong Cheng;Andrew B. Riche;Mei Jiang;M. Leverington-Waite
通讯作者：
Shifeng Cheng;Cong Feng;L. Wingen;Hong Cheng;Andrew B. Riche;Mei Jiang;M. Leverington-Waite

A new framework for predicting and understanding flowering time for crop breeding