CHILD HEALTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE 1988 NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY

NICHD赞助并协调了1988年的调查，以提供 以人口为基础的儿童健康数据。一个主要的协作 努力分析儿童伤害危险因素以支持有效 有针对性的干预措施，因为伤害是 这是第一个证明这一点的研究。 非致命性伤害原因与致命性原因有很大不同， 风险因素随年龄和社会经济的不同而有相当大的差异 特点。学龄前儿童意外伤害分析 护理模式显示，使用非监护人护理不会增加风险 除了贫穷、低教育程度的母亲最小的孩子 各种类型的多个兼职护理场所(以中心为基础，在 他们自己的家或别人的家)。增加以中心为基础的工作时间 护理似乎降低了儿童的总伤害风险和严重伤害风险 年龄4-5岁。此外，酗酒妇女的大一点的孩子， 或者父母都是酗酒者，受到的伤害更大 风险。另一项危险因素分析显示，运动和娱乐 占所有原因造成的医疗伤害的36%。 对获得医疗保健的影响的分析表明，儿童 没有医疗保险(医疗保险或医疗补助)的人数为30%至 接受医疗护理的可能性降低40%，无论是总量还是服务 与医疗保险范围内的儿童相比，儿童受伤的比例更高。最新的 研究表明，单身成人家庭的孩子在 无论贫穷或种族等其他因素，风险都会增加。 其他项目的重点是影响频繁耳鸣风险的因素 感染、耳聋或听力障碍及相关情况。效应 母亲吸烟对耳部感染和呼吸系统状况的影响 风险增加。

NICHD sponsored and coordinated the 1988 survey to provide population-based data on children's health. One major collaborative effort analyzed childhood injury risk factors to support effective targeting of interventions since injury is the leading cause of death for children in the U.S. This is the first study to demonstrate that non-fatal injury causes differed considerably from fatal causes, with considerable variation of risk factors by age and socioeconomic characteristics. Analysis of injuries in preschool children by child care patterns showed that use of non-guardian care did not increase risks except for the youngest children of poor, low education mothers who use multiple part-time places of care of all types (center-based, care in their own home or homes of others). Increasing hours in center-based care seemed to lower both total and serious injury risks for children ages 4-5 years. Also, older children of women who are problem drinkers, or of two parents who are both problem drinkers, are at higher injury risk. Another risk factor analysis showed that sports and recreation account for 36% of all medically attended injuries from all causes. Analysis of effects of access to medical care showed that children without medical care coverage (health insurance or Medicaid) were 30 to 40% less likely to receive medical attention for either total or services injuries compared to children with medical care coverage. The latest studies have shown that children in single adult households are at increased risk regardless of other factors such as poverty or race. Other projects are focused on factors affecting risks of frequent ear infections, deafness or trouble hearing and related conditions. Effects of maternal smoking on ear infections and respiratory conditions show increased risks.