What does Artificial Intelligence Mean for the Future of Democratic Society? Examining the societal impact of AI and whether human rights can respond

人工智能对民主社会的未来意味着什么？

基本信息

批准号：
MR/T042133/2
负责人：
Daragh Murray
金额：
$ 109.3万
依托单位：
Queen Mary University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT042133%2F2
关键词：
What does Artificial Intelligence Mean

项目摘要

This research examines the impacts that States' use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision making processes has on how individuals and societies evolve and develop and what this means for democratic society. Understanding these impacts is essential so that effective guidance can be developed that allows States to take advantage of the significant potential inherent in AI, while protecting those factors essential to a functioning democracy and preventing human rights harm.AI has the power to radically transform State activity, redefining our understanding of how a State functions and delivers services, and how it interacts with its citizens. A key development in this regard is the incorporation of AI tools into State decision-making processes. To be effective, these tools are dependent upon significantly increased surveillance by State and non-State actors: the data obtained through surveillance is subject to analysis using AI in order to make individually-tailored decisions. This represents a step-change in terms of the level of insight the State has into individuals' day-to-day lives, and their ability to use this information to determine that individual's life choices. This may exert a profound impact on how individuals, and society as a whole, develops. Will individuals be afraid to experiment, or to seek out alternative ideas or ways of life, because they are worried that they will be categorised on this basis and their future life choices restricted? Will this in turn lead to the stagnation of democratic society?AI has enormous potential. It can be used to transform how a State delivers services, and if used appropriately can make a real contribution to the development of society, and the protection of human rights. However, it is imperative that the broader impacts of AI on individuals and society be understood before AI becomes pervasive in decision-making processes, so that appropriate regulatory and policy responses can be developed, and human rights protections ensures. This research focuses on the inadvertent, or unintentional, impacts associated with State adoption of AI technologies. There is, of course, clear potential for AI to be misused for repressive purposes. Of interest here, however, is States' use of AI when deployed in pursuit of legitimate objectives. The unintended consequences associated with States' uses of AI under these circumstances may be less visible but equally dramatic. Human rights law provides the framework underpinning research. Although it must be reconceptualised to respond to the digital age (a key research objective) it provides the most effective means of identifying harm, resolving competing interests, and providing regulatory guidance.The principal objective underpinning this inter-disciplinary research is the development of future-oriented human rights approaches to regulate States' use of AI in decision making processes, and to ensure that AI serves, rather than undermines, societal objectives. To do so will require in-depth research across law, human rights, philosophy, and sociology. Initial research will investigate factors essential to individual and societal development, how these relate to democratic functioning, and how they are impacted by States' use of AI. Human rights law itself must then be re-conceptualised, to ensure that it is capable of engaging with these factors, and protecting them in the digital age.State agencies are beginning to incorporate AI technologies, and the utilisation of AI will increase exponentially over the coming years. Surveillance and AI-assisted analytical tools are deployed across all areas of State activity, from social welfare, to child protection, and healthcare. To examine the democratic effects where they are most visible in the short term, however, research will focus primarily on State activity related to law enforcement and counter-terrorism, examining the use of AI by police and intelligence agencies.

这项研究研究了在决策过程中使用人工智能（AI）对个人和社会如何发展和发展以及这对民主社会意味着什么的影响。理解这些影响至关重要，因此可以开发有效的指导，使各州能够利用AI固有的重要潜力，同时保护这些因素对运转良好的民主和防止人权伤害至关重要。EAI拥有从根本上改变国家活动，重新定义我们对国家功能和销售服务的理解以及其与公民的互动方式的理解。这方面的关键发展是将AI工具纳入国家决策过程。为了有效，这些工具取决于州和非国家参与者的监视显着增加：通过监视获得的数据需要使用AI进行分析，以便做出单独限制的决策。就国家对个人日常生活的洞察力水平以及使用这些信息来确定个人的生活选择的能力，这代表了逐步变化。这可能会对个人和整个社会的发展产生深远的影响。个人会害怕试验，或者寻找替代思想或生活方式，因为他们担心会在此基础上分类并限制他们的未来生活选择？这反过来会导致民主社会停滞吗？AI具有巨大的潜力。它可以用来改变国家如何提供服务，如果适当地使用，可以为社会的发展和保护人权做出真正的贡献。但是，在AI在决策过程中普遍存在之前，必须了解AI对个人和社会的更广泛影响，以便可以制定适当的监管和政策回应，并确保人权保护。这项研究着重于与国家采用AI技术有关的无意或无意的影响。当然，出于压制目的，AI被滥用的潜力很明显。但是，这里感兴趣的是在追求合法目标的情况下部署时对AI的使用。在这种情况下，与国家使用相关的意外后果可能不太明显，但同样引人注目。人权法提供了基础研究的框架。尽管必须重新概念化以响应数字时代（一个关键的研究目标），但它提供了确定危害，解决竞争利益并提供监管指导的最有效方法。基于这项跨学科研究的主要目标是开发未来面向的人权方法来规范国家在决策过程中使用AI来确保ai and soosel和aim absecs，而不是ai aii，而不是ai neciely aim and ai ai。这样做将需要跨法律，人权，哲学和社会学的深入研究。最初的研究将研究对个人和社会发展至关重要的因素，这些因素与民主功能的关系以及它们如何受国家使用AI的影响。然后，必须重新概念化人权法本身，以确保其能够与这些因素相互接触，并在数字时代进行保护。州机构开始纳入AI技术，并且在未来几年内，AI的利用率将成倍增加。从社会福利到儿童保护和医疗保健的各个领域，都部署了监视和AI辅助分析工具。但是，为了研究在短期内最可见的民主影响，研究将主要关注与执法和反恐有关的国家活动，研究警察和情报机构对AI的使用。