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What does Artificial Intelligence Mean for the Future of Democratic Society? Examining the societal impact of AI and whether human rights can respond

人工智能对民主社会的未来意味着什么？

基本信息

批准号：
MR/T042133/2
负责人：
Daragh Murray
金额：
$ 109.3万
依托单位：
Queen Mary University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT042133%2F2
关键词：
What does Artificial Intelligence Mean

项目摘要

This research examines the impacts that States' use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision making processes has on how individuals and societies evolve and develop and what this means for democratic society. Understanding these impacts is essential so that effective guidance can be developed that allows States to take advantage of the significant potential inherent in AI, while protecting those factors essential to a functioning democracy and preventing human rights harm.AI has the power to radically transform State activity, redefining our understanding of how a State functions and delivers services, and how it interacts with its citizens. A key development in this regard is the incorporation of AI tools into State decision-making processes. To be effective, these tools are dependent upon significantly increased surveillance by State and non-State actors: the data obtained through surveillance is subject to analysis using AI in order to make individually-tailored decisions. This represents a step-change in terms of the level of insight the State has into individuals' day-to-day lives, and their ability to use this information to determine that individual's life choices. This may exert a profound impact on how individuals, and society as a whole, develops. Will individuals be afraid to experiment, or to seek out alternative ideas or ways of life, because they are worried that they will be categorised on this basis and their future life choices restricted? Will this in turn lead to the stagnation of democratic society?AI has enormous potential. It can be used to transform how a State delivers services, and if used appropriately can make a real contribution to the development of society, and the protection of human rights. However, it is imperative that the broader impacts of AI on individuals and society be understood before AI becomes pervasive in decision-making processes, so that appropriate regulatory and policy responses can be developed, and human rights protections ensures. This research focuses on the inadvertent, or unintentional, impacts associated with State adoption of AI technologies. There is, of course, clear potential for AI to be misused for repressive purposes. Of interest here, however, is States' use of AI when deployed in pursuit of legitimate objectives. The unintended consequences associated with States' uses of AI under these circumstances may be less visible but equally dramatic. Human rights law provides the framework underpinning research. Although it must be reconceptualised to respond to the digital age (a key research objective) it provides the most effective means of identifying harm, resolving competing interests, and providing regulatory guidance.The principal objective underpinning this inter-disciplinary research is the development of future-oriented human rights approaches to regulate States' use of AI in decision making processes, and to ensure that AI serves, rather than undermines, societal objectives. To do so will require in-depth research across law, human rights, philosophy, and sociology. Initial research will investigate factors essential to individual and societal development, how these relate to democratic functioning, and how they are impacted by States' use of AI. Human rights law itself must then be re-conceptualised, to ensure that it is capable of engaging with these factors, and protecting them in the digital age.State agencies are beginning to incorporate AI technologies, and the utilisation of AI will increase exponentially over the coming years. Surveillance and AI-assisted analytical tools are deployed across all areas of State activity, from social welfare, to child protection, and healthcare. To examine the democratic effects where they are most visible in the short term, however, research will focus primarily on State activity related to law enforcement and counter-terrorism, examining the use of AI by police and intelligence agencies.

这项研究探讨了国家在决策过程中使用人工智能（AI）对个人和社会如何演变和发展的影响，以及这对民主社会意味着什么。了解这些影响至关重要，这样才能制定有效的指导，使各国能够利用人工智能固有的巨大潜力，同时保护对民主运作至关重要的因素，防止人权受到损害。人工智能有能力从根本上改变国家活动，重新定义我们对国家如何运作和提供服务以及如何与公民互动的理解。这方面的一个关键发展是将人工智能工具纳入国家决策进程。为了有效，这些工具依赖于国家和非国家行为者的显着增加的监控：通过监控获得的数据需要使用人工智能进行分析，以便做出个性化的决策。这意味着国家对个人日常生活的了解程度以及国家利用这一信息决定个人生活选择的能力发生了重大变化。这可能会对个人和整个社会的发展产生深远的影响。个人是否会害怕尝试，或者寻找其他的想法或生活方式，因为他们担心他们会被归类在这个基础上，他们未来的生活选择受到限制？这会不会反过来导致民主社会的停滞？AI具有巨大的潜力。它可以用来改变国家提供服务的方式，如果使用得当，可以为社会发展和保护人权作出真实的贡献。然而，在人工智能在决策过程中变得普遍之前，必须了解人工智能对个人和社会的更广泛影响，以便制定适当的监管和政策应对措施，并确保人权保护。这项研究的重点是与国家采用人工智能技术相关的无意或无意的影响。当然，人工智能显然有可能被滥用于镇压目的。然而，这里值得关注的是，国家在为追求合法目标而部署人工智能时的使用情况。在这种情况下，与国家使用人工智能相关的意外后果可能不那么明显，但同样引人注目。人权法为研究提供了基础框架。尽管它必须重新概念化以应对数字时代（一个关键的研究目标）它提供了识别危害、解决利益冲突和提供监管指导的最有效手段。支撑这一跨学科研究的主要目标是制定面向未来的人权方法，以规范各国在决策过程中使用人工智能，并确保人工智能服务于而不是破坏社会目标。要做到这一点，需要深入研究法律、人权、哲学和社会学。初步研究将调查对个人和社会发展至关重要的因素，这些因素与民主运作的关系，以及它们如何受到国家使用人工智能的影响。因此，人权法本身必须重新概念化，以确保它能够与这些因素互动，并在数字时代保护它们。国家机构正开始纳入人工智能技术，人工智能的使用将在未来几年呈指数级增长。监控和人工智能辅助分析工具部署在国家活动的所有领域，从社会福利到儿童保护和医疗保健。然而，为了研究短期内最明显的民主效果，研究将主要集中在与执法和反恐有关的国家活动上，研究警察和情报机构使用人工智能的情况。