Investigating five large population-based cohort studies to understand for the precursors of multimorbidity risk.

多病是指一个人同时患有不同的疾病。例如，我们知道几乎一半患有精神健康障碍的人也有长期的身体健康问题，三分之一有身体健康问题的人有精神障碍。对于同时患有生理和精神疾病的人来说，生活往往更加困难。他们可能很难得到最好的护理，并面临寿命缩短的风险。我们对多重发病的原因了解得还不够。为了充分理解为什么身心健康会随着时间的推移而发生变化，我们需要对长期跟踪健康状况的人进行大规模研究。对儿童的研究是非常重要的，因为它们可以告诉我们在以后的生活中多种疾病发展的早期风险。这对于制定最佳计划以预防高危儿童罹患多种疾病非常重要。为了真正了解多重疾病是如何发展的，研究需要有关于许多影响健康的重要行为和事件的信息。例如，我们需要了解某人的生活环境（例如，低收入），生活方式（例如，缺乏锻炼）或生活事件（例如，压力经历）。我们知道基因会增加身体和精神疾病的风险。我们还知道，社会上一些群体患多重疾病的风险更大，例如亚洲人和少数民族以及生活贫困的人。我们目前还不明白为什么会这样，在这项研究中，我们的目标是通过研究有遗传风险的儿童身体和精神疾病的发展来找到答案。为了了解不同种族和社会经济背景的人在多病发展方面的差异，我们需要在研究中充分代表所有这些群体。如果我们更好地了解多重疾病在社会不同群体（有遗传风险的人、来自不同种族和社会经济背景的人）中是如何发展的，这将有助于医生为患者提供符合其特定需求的护理。它还将帮助医生、学校和其他机构以最适合他们背景的方式预防高危儿童的多重疾病。最后，为了进行这些研究，需要一个具有一系列专业知识的研究人员团队，他们共同了解身体和精神疾病的范围，以及基因、生活环境、生活方式和生活事件如何随着时间的推移影响这些疾病。我们是一个在身体和精神疾病方面拥有广泛医学和研究专业知识的团队。我们汇集了五项非常大的研究，其中近70万人的健康状况被长期跟踪。可以获得丰富的医疗数据，包括来自医疗记录的数据。其他重要的信息也被收集起来，比如这些人的生活环境、生活方式和生活事件。在这些研究中，所有人都可以获得遗传信息。这些研究跟踪了成人和儿童的长期健康状况。因此，我们可以研究身体和精神疾病是如何在成年期同时发生的。重要的是，我们还可以研究儿童多病发展的早期阶段。由于我们的儿童和成人样本在种族和社会经济背景上存在差异，我们也可以研究社会中不同群体的多病发展是否存在差异。最后，因为我们有基因数据，我们可以研究基因如何影响高危人群的多病发展。我们的研究将帮助我们了解多病是如何发展的，以及哪些行为和事件影响了这一点。我们的研究成果对于预防因遗传、种族或经济原因而面临多重发病风险的儿童具有重要意义。我们将为社会中的特定群体创造健康信息，这可以在未来减少危险群体的多重发病率。

Multimorbidity refers to different diseases being present at the same time in a person. For example, we know that almost half of people with a mental health disorder also have a long-term physical health problem and a third of people with a physical health problem have a psychiatric disorder. Life is often more difficult for people with both physical and psychiatric disorders. They can struggle to get the best possible care and are at risk of living less long. We don't know enough about why multimorbidity happens. To fully understand why changes in physical and mental health happen over time we need large studies of people whose health has been followed over time. Studies of children are very important because they can tell us about early risks for development of multimorbidity later in life. This is important for creating the best plans to prevent at-risk children developing multimorbidity.To really understand how multimorbidity develops, studies need to have information about the many important behaviours and events that can influence health. For example, we need to know about someone's living environment (e.g., low income), lifestyle (e.g., lack of exercise) or life events (e.g., stressful experiences). We know that genes can increase risk of physical and psychiatric disorder. We also know that some groups in society are at greater risk of multimorbidity, such as people of Asian and Minority Ethnic groups and people who live in poverty. We don't currently understand why this is and in this study we aim to get answers by studying the development of physical and psychiatric disorders in children at genetic risk. To understand differences in multimorbidity development in people from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds, we need studies in which all these groups are well represented.If we understand better how multimorbidity develops in different groups in society (people at genetic risk, those from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds) this will help doctors give patients care that is matched to their specific needs. It will also help doctors, schools and others prevent multimorbidity in at-risk children in ways that suit their backgrounds best. Finally, to conduct these studies, a team of researchers with a range of expertise is needed, who together understand the range of physical and psychiatric disorders, as well as how genes, the living environment, life style and life events influence these disorders over time. We are a team with wide-ranging medical and research expertise in physical and psychiatric disorders. We have brought together five very large studies in which the health of close to 700,000 people has been followed over time. Rich medical data is available, including from medical records. Other important information has also been collected such as on the living environment, lifestyle and life events of these people. Genetic information is also available for all people in these studies. These studies follow the health over time of both adults and children. We can therefore study how physical and psychiatric disorders happen together in adulthood. Importantly we can then also study the early stages of the development of multimorbidity in children. Because our child and adult samples differ in ethnic and socio-economic background, we can also study if the development of multimorbidity differs for different groups in society. Finally, because we have genetic data we can study how genes influence multimorbidity development in people at risk.Our study will help us understand how multimorbidity develops and which behaviours and events influence this. What we learn will be important for the prevention of multimorbidity in children who are at risk because of genetic, ethnic or economic reasons. We will create health messages for specific groups in society and this can reduce multimorbidity in at risk groups in the future.