Physical and mental health multimorbidity across the lifespan (LIfespaN multimorbidity research Collaborative (LINC)).

当一个人同时患有两种或两种以上不同的疾病时，就会发生多发性疾病。这在身体疾病和精神疾病之间很常见，几乎一半患有精神疾病的人也有身体疾病。此外，大约三分之一患有身体疾病的人也有精神疾病。这些患者的生活质量比那些患有单一疾病的患者更差，他们经常难以获得最好的治疗，并面临寿命缩短的风险。一种常见和严重的多发性骨髓瘤介于内在性疾病(抑郁和焦虑)和心血管疾病(ICV-MM)之间。然而，关于ICV-MM是如何发展的以及为什么会发生，人们仍然知之甚少。然而，我们知道内在化疾病和心血管风险(例如肥胖、胆固醇)往往在成年前就开始了。为了真正了解ICV风险是如何发展的，我们需要对所有年龄段的人进行大规模研究，这些人的健康状况一直得到跟踪。对儿童的研究是至关重要的，因为它们可以告诉我们在以后的生活中发生ICV-MM的早期风险。这对于制定更好的预防高危儿童罹患ICV-MM的计划非常重要。我们知道，基因影响内化和心血管疾病的风险，一些人处于高遗传风险中。我们还知道，某些在生命早期就开始的状况(神经发育状况)，如智力残疾、自闭症和ADHD，会增加以后发展为ICV MM的风险。儿童的环境也会增加这种风险，例如，贫困和身体或性虐待等紧张经历。但基因、神经发育状况和早期环境风险究竟如何影响ICV-MM的一生仍不清楚。已知某些群体患ICV-MM的风险增加，如南亚血统的人和女性，但我们不知道原因。更好地了解ICV-MM在社会不同群体中的发展情况将有助于医生为患者提供符合他们特定需求的护理。它还将帮助医生、政府和学校以最适合高危儿童的方式预防ICV-MM。为了真正了解ICV-MM开发的复杂性，需要一个拥有广泛专业知识的研究团队，他们共同了解身体和精神疾病，以及遗传学、神经发育状况和人们生活的环境如何在他们的一生中影响他们。我们的寿命多病研究合作(LINC)结合了身体和精神疾病方面的广泛医学和研究专业知识。我们汇集了五项非常大型的研究，这些研究对许多人的健康状况进行了一段时间的跟踪调查。可以获得丰富的医疗数据，包括来自医疗记录的数据。这些人也可以获得遗传信息。还收集了其他重要信息，如关于人们的生活环境、生活事件和生活方式。这些研究跟踪了儿童、青少年和成年人一段时间的健康状况。因此，我们可以研究内化和心血管疾病是如何在成年后同时发生的。重要的是，我们还可以在儿童出现这些情况之前研究他们的早期风险因素。由于我们的儿童和成人样本在种族和经济状况上不同，我们也可以研究ICV-MM在社会不同群体中的发展差异。最后，因为我们有遗传数据，我们可以研究基因如何影响ICV-MM高危人群的发展。我们的研究将帮助我们了解ICV-MM是如何发展的，以及哪些环境会影响这一点。我们所了解的对于预防因遗传、性别或种族或经济原因而处于危险中的儿童的ICV-MM将是重要的。我们将与患者、医生和慈善机构合作，制定具体的健康建议，以减少未来高危人群中的ICV-MM。

Multimorbidity (MM) happens when two or more different diseases are present at the same time in an individual. This is common between physical and psychiatric diseases with almost half of people with a psychiatric disease also having a physical disease. As well as about a third of people with a physical disease also having a psychiatric disease. These patients have worse quality of life than those with a single disease, they often struggle to get the best care and are at risk of living less long. A common and serious type of MM is between internalizing diseases (depression and anxiety) and cardiovascular disease (ICV-MM). Still, very little is understood as to how ICV-MM develops and why it happens. We do know however that both internalizing disease and cardiovascular risk (e.g., obesity, cholesterol) tend to begin before adulthood.To really understand how ICV risk develops, we need large studies of people of all ages whose health has been followed over time. Studies of children are crucial because they can tell us about early risks for development of ICV-MM later in life. This is important for developing better plans to prevent at-risk children developing ICV-MM.We know that genes influence risk of both internalizing and cardiovascular disease and that some people are at high genetic risk. We also know that certain conditions that start early in life (neurodevelopmental conditions) such as intellectual disability, autism and ADHD increase risk of developing ICV MM later. Children's environments can also increase this risk, for example, stressful experiences such as poverty and physical or sexual abuse. But how exactly genes, neurodevelopmental conditions and early environmental risks influence the development of ICV-MM over the lifespan is still not understood.Certain groups are known to be at increased risk of ICV-MM, such as people of South Asian heritage and women, but we don't know why this is. Better understanding of how ICV-MM develops in different groups in society will help doctors give patients care that is matched to their specific needs. It will also help doctors, governments and schools prevent ICV-MM in at-risk children in ways that work best for them. To really understand the complexities of ICV-MM development, a team of researchers with a wide range of expertise is needed who together understand physical and psychiatric diseases as well as how genetics, neurodevelopmental conditions and the environments people live in influence them throughout their lives.Our LIfespaN multimorbidity research Collaborative (LINC) combines wide-ranging medical and research expertise in physical and psychiatric diseases. We have brought together five very large studies in which the health of many people has been followed over time. Rich medical data is available, including from medical records. Genetic information is also available for these people. Other important information has also been collected such as on people's living environments, life events and lifestyles. These studies follow the health over time of children, adolescents and adults. We can therefore study how internalizing and cardiovascular disease happen together in adulthood. Importantly we can then also study early risk factors in the children before they develop these conditions. Because our child and adult samples differ in ethnicity and economic situation, we can also study how the development of ICV-MM differs for different groups in society. Finally, because we have genetic data, we can study how genes influence ICV-MM development in people at risk.Our study will help us understand how ICV-MM develops and which circumstances influence this. What we learn will be important for the prevention of ICV-MM in children who are at risk because of genetics, their sex, or ethnic or economic reasons. We will work with patients, doctors and charities to develop specific health advice in order to reduce ICV-MM in at risk groups in the future.