STUDIES OF CHILDREN WITH FOCAL BRAIN INJURY

对局灶性脑损伤儿童的研究

• 批准号: 6397111
• 负责人: JOAN STILES
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-05-01 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6397111
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); attention; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain injury; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; cognition disorders; emotions; evoked potentials; human subject; language development; language disorders; longitudinal human study; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; preschool child (1-5); space perception; stimulus /response

Over the past ten years, we have made significant progress in addressing key questions concerning deficit and development after early stroke. We found evidence of subtle early impairment and subsequent development in each domain examines. However, the profiles of impairment and development differed across domains. Deficits of language acquisition are initially pervasive in that they are observed following injury to widely distributed brain areas. Spatial analytic deficits exhibit more specific patterns of brain-behavior association, similar to those observed among adults with injury to comparable brain regions. We have to look for ways to resolve the apparent disparity in our cross-domain findings. The model that best fit our data focuses on redefining the nature of early plasticity. Recent animal studies provide strong evidence that plasticity plays a central role in brain development. Brain organization is to a large extent defined by the changes in patterns of connectivity that occur as a result of input to the maturing system. Early injury constitutes a perturbation of normal development. Specific neural resources are lost, and there is consequent impairment of the system. However, it is also a developing system and therefore a system with an exuberance of resources the fate of which are determined in large measure by input. Thus, the magnitude and duration of the initial impairment may well depend on a range of factors such as the timing of insult, extent and location of injury, and specificity of the neural substrate for athe function under consideration. In the next phase of the injury, and specificity of the neural substrate for the function under consideration. In the next phase of the project, we will extend our investigation of the long-term effects of early injury on development. We have made considerable headway in defining developmental profiles in the preschool and early school-age period. Less is known about change in the later school years. One goal for the next phase will be the focused examination of development within and across these domains. We will also initiate a full-scale study of two other important domains, spatial attention and executive functioning. We have initiated a collaboration with Eric Courchesne at UCSD who has an international reputation for studies of attention of normal and impaired populations. He has proposed studies focused on the basic mechanisms of attention which are important to our understanding of performances in other domains. Finally, we will begin to examine the development of executive functioning ina the FL population. Planning is key to a wide range of problem solving activities. Limitations on the initiation or flexibility of planning skills could have serious consequences for the development of children with early injury.

过去十年，我们在解决问题方面取得了重大进展 有关早期中风后的缺陷和发育的关键问题。 我们 发现了微妙的早期损伤和随后发展的证据 每个域都会检查。 然而，损伤和发展概况 跨域有所不同。 语言习得的缺陷最初是 普遍存在，因为它们在广泛分布的受伤后观察到 大脑区域。 空间分析缺陷表现出更具体的模式 大脑与行为的关联，类似于在成年人中观察到的情况 类似大脑区域的损伤。 我们必须想办法解决 我们的跨领域研究结果存在明显差异。 最好的型号 拟合我们的数据侧重于重新定义早期可塑性的本质。 最近的 动物研究提供了强有力的证据表明可塑性起着核心作用 在大脑发育中。 大脑组织在很大程度上是由 由于输入而发生的连接模式的变化 成熟的体系。 早期损伤会扰乱正常的 发展。 特定的神经资源丢失，从而产生后果 系统受损。 然而，它也是一个正在发展的系统 因此，一个资源丰富的系统，其命运是 在很大程度上由输入决定。 因此，影响的大小和持续时间 初始损害很可能取决于一系列因素，例如 侮辱的时间、伤害的程度和位置以及伤害的具体情况 正在考虑的功能的神经基础。 在下一阶段 损伤的程度以及功能的神经基质的特异性 正在考虑中。 在该项目的下一阶段，我们将扩展我们的 调查早期损伤对发育的长期影响。 我们 在定义发展概况方面取得了相当大的进展 学龄前和学龄早期。 人们对这一变化知之甚少 后来的学年。 下一阶段的一个目标是集中 检查这些领域内和跨领域的发展。 我们还将 启动对另外两个重要领域的全面研究，空间 注意力和执行功能。 我们已发起合作 与 UCSD 的 Eric Courchesne 合作，他在以下领域享有国际声誉： 对正常和受损人群注意力的研究。 他提出了 研究重点是注意的基本机制，这对于 我们对其他领域表现的理解。 最后，我们将开始 检查 FL 人群执行功能的发展。 规划是解决各种问题活动的关键。 局限性 计划技能的启动或灵活性可能会产生严重的影响 早期受伤对儿童发育的影响。