STUDIES OF CHILDREN WITH FOCAL BRAIN INJURY

在过去十年中，我们在解决 早期卒中后营养不良与发育的关键问题。我们 发现了轻微的早期损害和随后的发展的证据 每个域都要检查。然而，损伤和发育的概况 在不同的领域是不同的。语言习得的缺陷最初是 普遍存在，因为它们是在受伤后观察到的，分布广泛 大脑区域。空间分析缺陷表现出更具体的模式 大脑行为关联，类似于在成人中观察到的 对类似的脑部区域造成损伤。我们必须想方设法解决 我们跨领域调查结果的明显差异。最好的模型 Fit我们的数据侧重于重新定义早期可塑性的性质。近期 动物研究提供了强有力的证据表明可塑性起着核心作用 在大脑发育方面。大脑组织在很大程度上是由 连接模式的变化是由于输入到 正在成熟的系统。早期损伤构成了对正常的干扰 发展。特定的神经资源丢失，从而导致 系统受损。然而，它也是一个发展中的系统和 因此，一个拥有丰富资源的系统，其命运是 在很大程度上由投入决定的。因此，其规模和持续时间 初始减值很可能取决于一系列因素，如 侮辱的时间，伤害的程度和位置，以及 AAT功能的神经基质正在考虑中。在下一阶段 以及神经底物对功能的特异性 正在考虑中。在该项目的下一阶段，我们将扩展我们的 探讨早期损伤对发育的长期影响。我们 在定义发展概况方面取得了相当大的进展 学龄前和早期学龄期。人们对中国经济的变化知之甚少 晚些时候的学校生活。下一阶段的一个目标将是专注于 对这些领域内和跨领域的发展进行审查。我们还将 启动对另外两个重要领域的全面研究，空间 注意力和执行功能。我们发起了一项合作 与加州大学圣地亚哥分校的Eric Courchesne一起工作，他在 对正常人群和受损人群注意力的研究。他向我求婚了 研究集中在注意力的基本机制上，这些机制对 我们对其他领域的表现的理解。最后，我们将开始 目的：研究外语人群的执行功能发展情况。 计划是广泛的问题解决活动的关键。局限性 对计划技能的启发性或灵活性可能会有严重的影响 对早期受伤儿童的发育造成的后果。

Over the past ten years, we have made significant progress in addressing key questions concerning deficit and development after early stroke. We found evidence of subtle early impairment and subsequent development in each domain examines. However, the profiles of impairment and development differed across domains. Deficits of language acquisition are initially pervasive in that they are observed following injury to widely distributed brain areas. Spatial analytic deficits exhibit more specific patterns of brain-behavior association, similar to those observed among adults with injury to comparable brain regions. We have to look for ways to resolve the apparent disparity in our cross-domain findings. The model that best fit our data focuses on redefining the nature of early plasticity. Recent animal studies provide strong evidence that plasticity plays a central role in brain development. Brain organization is to a large extent defined by the changes in patterns of connectivity that occur as a result of input to the maturing system. Early injury constitutes a perturbation of normal development. Specific neural resources are lost, and there is consequent impairment of the system. However, it is also a developing system and therefore a system with an exuberance of resources the fate of which are determined in large measure by input. Thus, the magnitude and duration of the initial impairment may well depend on a range of factors such as the timing of insult, extent and location of injury, and specificity of the neural substrate for athe function under consideration. In the next phase of the injury, and specificity of the neural substrate for the function under consideration. In the next phase of the project, we will extend our investigation of the long-term effects of early injury on development. We have made considerable headway in defining developmental profiles in the preschool and early school-age period. Less is known about change in the later school years. One goal for the next phase will be the focused examination of development within and across these domains. We will also initiate a full-scale study of two other important domains, spatial attention and executive functioning. We have initiated a collaboration with Eric Courchesne at UCSD who has an international reputation for studies of attention of normal and impaired populations. He has proposed studies focused on the basic mechanisms of attention which are important to our understanding of performances in other domains. Finally, we will begin to examine the development of executive functioning ina the FL population. Planning is key to a wide range of problem solving activities. Limitations on the initiation or flexibility of planning skills could have serious consequences for the development of children with early injury.