BRAIN MECHANISMS OF VISUAL SELECTIVE ATTENTION

视觉选择性注意的大脑机制

• 批准号: 6112174
• 负责人: George R Mangun
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 1999-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6112174
• 关键词: attention; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain commissure; brain injury; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; color visions; cues; evoked potentials; form /pattern perception; human subject; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; occipital lobe /cortex; parietal lobe /cortex; psychophysiology; space perception; split brain; stimulus /response; temporal lobe /cortex disorder; visual cortex; visual perception; visual stimulus

The goals of the present project are to investigate the neural mechanisms of selective attention and attention orienting in patients with either focal cortical damage or complete cerebral commissurotomy, as well as in normal control subjects. In a series of experiments this project will investigate the brain systems that mediate selective attention to spatial locations, to different classes of stimulus features such as color, movement and spatial frequency, and to conjunctions of features (objects). Evidence from animal and human studies indicate that the parietal cortex is principally involved in aspects of spatial cognition while the inferotemporal projection system is involved in the representation of stimulus features and objects. We hypothesize that, in part, attentional selection modulates activity in the cortical areas that code a particular visual feature or dimension, and we therefore predict that spatial aspects of attention require the integrity of the parietal cortex while attention to features and objects is a function of the occipito-inferotemporal projection pathway. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that differential specializations of the two hemispheres for spatial versus feature- and object-based perception exist such that the left hemisphere is biased towards object representation while the right hemisphere is dominant for spatial processing. We will utilize behavioral measures of attention (response time and accuracy) and electrophysiological measures (i.e., ERPs) of parietal and infero- temporal visual processing in studies of patients with parietal-only versus temporo-parietal cortex lesions of both the left and right hemispheres to investigate the role of these brain areas in spatial, feature-based, and object-based attention. Studies in commissurotomy patients will also investigate the hypothesized hemispheric asymmetries in spatial and object-based selective attention, as well as hemispheric specializations in the processing of global versus local levels of stimuli. Investigations of subcortical and cortical interactions during attention in the commissurotomy patients will continue our work in this area. Previous results have demonstrated that under many conditions the cortically separated hemispheres of commissurotomy patients can act independently during visual search for target items in large arrays of distractors, while continuing to demonstrate interhemispheric interactions in perceptual-motor processing. We will attempt to identify the critical conditions that determine whether or not the two cerebral hemispheres can perform independently during attentional processing. These studies will help to identify cortical systems and hemispheric specializations in attentional processing as well as the contributions of subcortical systems to the integration of attentional processes in the human brain.

本项目的目标是研究神经机制 选择性注意和注意定向对患有以下任一疾病的患者的影响 局灶性皮质损伤或完全脑连合切开术，以及 正常对照受试者。 通过一系列的实验，该项目将 研究介导空间选择性注意的大脑系统 位置，不同类别的刺激特征，例如颜色， 运动和空间频率，以及特征的结合 （对象）。 来自动物和人类研究的证据表明 顶叶皮层主要涉及空间认知方面 而颞下投影系统则参与 刺激特征和对象的表示。 我们假设， 在某种程度上，注意力选择调节皮质区域的活动 编码特定的视觉特征或维度，因此我们 预测注意力的空间方面需要完整性 顶叶皮层，而对特征和物体的注意力是 枕骨-颞下投射通路。 而且，已经 假设两个半球的差异专业化 空间感知与基于特征和物体的感知的存在使得 左半球偏向于物体表征，而右半球则偏向于物体表征 半球在空间处理方面占主导地位。 我们将利用 注意力的行为测量（反应时间和准确性）和 顶叶和下叶的电生理测量（即 ERP） 仅顶叶患者研究中的时间视觉处理 与左右两侧颞顶皮质病变的比较 半球来研究这些大脑区域在空间中的作用， 基于特征和基于对象的注意力。 连合切开术研究 患者还将研究假设的半球不对称性 在空间和基于对象的选择性注意以及半球 处理全球与本地层面的专业化 刺激。 皮层下和皮层相互作用的研究 对连合切开术患者的关注将继续我们在这方面的工作 区域。 先前的结果表明，在许多条件下 连合切开术患者的皮质分离半球可以活动 在视觉搜索大数组中的目标项目时独立地 干扰物，同时继续展示半球间 知觉-运动处理中的相互作用。 我们将尝试识别 决定两个大脑是否正常的关键条件 在注意力处理过程中，半球可以独立执行。 这些研究将有助于识别皮质系统和半球 注意力处理方面的专业化以及贡献 皮层下系统对注意力过程整合的影响 人类的大脑。