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Climate change resilient infrastructure for a sustainable built environment ('PermeableCity')

适应气候变化的基础设施，打造可持续的建筑环境（“PermeableCity”）

基本信息

批准号：
MR/W013169/1
负责人：
Alalea Kia
金额：
$ 194.88万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FW013169%2F1
关键词：
Climate change resilient infrastructure sustainable

项目摘要

Permeable (fast draining) infrastructure will reduce the impact from climate change and urbanisation related flooding, which has a projected annual global cost of £500bn by 2030. Flooding is expected to cost the UK economy £27bn annually by 2080, without investment in flood resilient infrastructure. Along with the 2020 government plan for green infrastructure development, it is timely to invest in flood resilient permeable infrastructure. An extreme example of flood-affected infrastructure are airport pavements, impacted by stormwater and ice/snow build-up causing aircraft skidding. Skidding accounts for nearly half of all post 1990 major global commercial air crashes. In 2017 a Heathrow snow event grounded over 50,000 passengers and required a hurried £10m purchase of de-icing equipment. The current methods for preventing ice/snow build-up damage the environment, aircraft components and runway surfaces, increasing infrastructure maintenance costs. Airport operators, seeking to address these concerns, have expressed a strong desire to use permeable concrete technology to keep infrastructure clear. Permeable concrete pavements are one of the most promising mitigation strategies to prevent surface flooding, they rapidly drain stormwater through otherwise impermeable infrastructure. Conventional permeable pavements are, however, prone to clogging, due to debris trapped within the pore network, blocking the pavement and reducing its drainage capacity. The frequent required maintenance degrades performance and service life and is difficult to perform in an active airport. Most importantly, conventional permeable pavements have insufficient strength, making them unsuited for airports. There is an urgent need for a new system that can reliably keep airports clear of standing water and ice/snow.I recently developed next generation clogging resistant permeable pavement (CRP) of uniform pore structure to address infrastructure flooding. It has improved strength (twice as strong >50 MPa) and higher permeability (ten times more) than conventional systems of equal porosity, yet does not clog despite exposure to stormwater sediments.This Fellowship will significantly reengineer my novel pavement to develop the first permeable pavement, with sufficient strength and resilience, for the extreme airport case, while also applicable to less extreme highway, railway and novel green wall scenarios. These step-change advancements will be achieved by steel reinforcement, used in permeable pavements for the first time. The structural performance, material integrity, skid resistance, long-term durability and hydrological (drainage) properties will be assessed for airport suitability and improved if required.This project will be the first to investigate conductive (direct contact) and convective (transmission through air) heat transfer through permeable pavements used in high-value heavy load-bearing infrastructure. I will use heat extracted from the ground (ground source energy system, GSES) in these new pavements to melt the deposited ice/snow and drain away the excess water. Conventional pavements can be heated by conduction only, whereas CRP can be heated through both conduction and convection (via the pores) as the novel pore structure also allows for natural convection. This Fellowship will, through extensive laboratory experimentation, computer modelling and the permanent large-scale deployment at Inverness Airport (spanning across multiple technology readiness levels (1-7), a measure of technology maturity), develop climate change resilient infrastructure materials that can be used to deliver a sustainable built environment resistant to flooding, ice/snow build-up and the harmful heat island effect. To achieve this ambitious goal, I will address significant structural, material, thermal and hydrological challenges with wide reaching economic, environmental and societal benefits to the construction and transportation sector.

可渗透（快速排水）基础设施将减少气候变化和城市化相关洪水的影响，预计到2030年，全球每年的成本将达到5000亿英镑。预计到2080年，洪水将使英国经济每年损失270亿英镑，而不投资于防洪基础设施。沿着2020年政府绿色基础设施发展计划，投资防洪透水基础设施是及时的。受洪水影响的基础设施的一个极端例子是机场人行道，受到暴雨和冰雪堆积的影响，导致飞机打滑。打滑占1990年后全球主要商业空难的近一半。2017年，一场希思罗机场降雪事件导致5万多名乘客停飞，并需要匆忙购买1000万英镑的除冰设备。目前防止冰雪堆积的方法破坏了环境、飞机部件和跑道表面，增加了基础设施的维护成本。为了解决这些问题，机场运营商表达了使用透水混凝土技术保持基础设施畅通的强烈愿望。透水混凝土路面是最有前途的缓解策略之一，以防止表面洪水，他们迅速排水雨水通过其他不透水的基础设施。然而，传统的可渗透路面容易堵塞，因为碎片被困在孔隙网络中，堵塞路面并降低其排水能力。频繁的维护降低了性能和使用寿命，并且难以在现役机场中执行。最重要的是，传统的透水路面强度不足，不适合机场使用。迫切需要一种新的系统，能够可靠地保持机场的积水和冰雪畅通。我最近开发了具有均匀孔隙结构的下一代抗堵塞渗透路面（CRP），以解决基础设施洪水问题。它提高了强度（两倍强度> 50 MPa）和更高的渗透性（十倍以上），但即使暴露在雨水沉积物中也不会堵塞。该奖学金将对我的新型路面进行重大改造，以开发第一种透水路面，具有足够的强度和弹性，适用于极端的机场情况，同时也适用于不太极端的高速公路，铁路和新颖的绿色墙场景。这些阶跃变化的进步将通过首次用于透水路面的钢筋来实现。将评估结构性能、材料完整性、防滑性、长期耐久性和水文（排水）特性，以确定机场的适用性，并在需要时进行改进。该项目将是第一个研究高价值重型承重基础设施中使用的可渗透路面的传导（直接接触）和对流（通过空气传输）传热的项目。我将在这些新的路面上使用从地面提取的热量（地源能源系统，GSES）来融化沉积的冰/雪，并排出多余的水。传统的路面只能通过传导加热，而CRP可以通过传导和对流（通过孔隙）加热，因为新的孔隙结构也允许自然对流。该奖学金将通过广泛的实验室实验，计算机建模和在因弗内斯机场的永久性大规模部署（跨越多个技术准备水平（1 - 7），这是技术成熟度的衡量标准），开发可用于提供可持续建筑环境的基础设施材料，以抵御洪水，冰雪积累和有害的热岛效应。为了实现这一宏伟目标，我将应对重大的结构、材料、热力和水文挑战，为建筑和交通部门带来广泛的经济、环境和社会效益。