INFANTS UNDERSTANDING OF GOAL DIRECTED ACTION

婴儿对目标导向行动的理解

• 批准号: 6182619
• 负责人: AMANDA L WOODWARD
• 金额: $ 11.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6182619
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; clinical research; cognition; developmental psychology; discrimination learning; dyadic interaction; exploratory behavior; goal oriented behavior; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); social perception

DESCRIPTION: The proposed research will explore the development of infants' responses to actions carried out by others. The experiments all make use of the visual-habituation method. In preliminary research, the investigator has found that, at 9 and (to perhaps a lesser extent) 5 months of age, infants selectively encode the goal of grasping actions performed by a hand; other actions, such as pointing to an object, or touching an object with the back of the hand, are not selectively encoded, nor are actions performed by inanimate objects (e.g., a rod or crane). Further results showed that 12-month-old infants do selectively encode pointing actions. These results suggest that young infants have a system of knowledge to guide their reasoning about human actions, which undergoes development during the first year. The proposed experiments explore the nature and development of this knowledge. They explore: 1) infants' responses to a wide range of actions and corresponding inanimate functional relations; 2) infants' ability to categorize actions as goal-directed or not; 3) infants' ability to integrate information from simultaneous actions; and, finally, 4) infants' responses to means-end sequences involving two distinct actions on two distinct objects. Taken together, these experiments should contribute to our understanding of what are the roots in infancy of early psychological knowledge.

描述：这项拟议的研究将探索婴儿的发育 对其他人采取的行动的回应。这些实验都利用了 视觉习惯化方法。在初步研究中，调查员 已经发现，在9岁和5个月大(程度可能较小)时， 婴儿有选择地编码用手抓取动作的目标； 其他操作，如指向对象或使用 没有选择性地编码，动作也不是由 无生命的物体(例如，杆子或起重机)。进一步的结果显示， 12个月大的婴儿确实会选择性地编码指点动作。这些结果 建议幼儿有一套知识体系来指导他们的 关于人类行为的推理，人类行为在第一个阶段经历了发展 年。拟议的实验探索了这一现象的性质和发展。 知识。他们探索：1)婴儿对各种行为的反应 和相应的无生命功能关系；2)婴儿的能力 将行为归类为目标导向或非目标；3)婴儿的整合能力 来自同时行动的信息；最后，4)婴儿的反应 To Means-End序列涉及两个不同的操作 物体。总而言之，这些实验应该有助于我们的 对早期心理学婴儿期根源的理解 知识。