INTRACELLULAR RNA SORTING, TRANSPORT AND LOCALIZATION

由于集中于各种分子、细胞和发育问题的研究的信息汇聚，RNA分选、靶向mRNA运输和局部蛋白质合成的重要性已经变得显而易见。在过去的15年里，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的各种细胞类型中，从卵母细胞到上皮细胞，再到神经元和神经胶质细胞，已经发现了70多个细胞内定位的RNA。此外，不同种类的蛋白质由定位的RNA编码，包括转录因子、RNA结合蛋白、细胞骨架蛋白、蛋白酶、细胞内信号分子和分泌型生长因子。现在已经很清楚，靶向特定细胞内位置的mRNAs在生物过程中起着关键作用，包括建立卵母细胞的极性、早期胚胎分化、体细胞极化和功能、突触生长和脊椎动物神经系统的可塑性。拟议会议的目标是在1994年、1996年和1998年就这一主题举行的三次非常成功的FASEB夏季会议的基础上，将具有广泛背景和视角的研究人员聚集在一起，他们使用各种实验方法研究RNA分类和定位。其目的是探讨共同的主题和问题，包括：(I)RNA定位在建立无脊椎动物和脊椎动物胚胎细胞谱系和轴向极性中的作用；(Ii)将mRNA靶向特定细胞内位置的顺式作用信号和反式作用因子的性质；(Iii)所涉及的递送系统的性质；(Iv)定位mRNAs到达其适当目的地的机制；(V)驻留在单个细胞类型中的不同目的地的性质和数量的定义；(Vi)信使核糖核酸的转位和分选在多大程度上受细胞外和细胞内信号过程的调控；(Vii)RNA从细胞核到细胞质以及在某些情况下从细胞质到细胞核的运输所涉及的机制；以及(Viii)RNA分选在翻译控制等细胞功能中发挥作用的多种方式。

The importance of RNA sorting, targeted mRNA transport, and local protein synthesis has become evident as a result of the convergence of information from studies focusing on a variety of molecular, cellular and developmental questions. During the past fifteen years, over seventy intracellularly localized RNAs have been identified in a diversity of cell types in both vertebrates and invertebrates, ranging from oocytes to epithelial cells to neurons and glia. In addition, diverse classes of proteins are encoded by localized RNAs, including transcription factors, RNA- binding proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, proteases, intracellular signaling molecules and secreted growth factors. It is now clear that the targeting of mRNAs to particular intracellular locations plays a key role in biological processes that include the establishment of oocyte polarity, early embryonic differentiation, somatic cell polarization and function, synapse growth, and plasticity in the vertebrate nervous system. The goal of the proposed conference is to build on three highly successful FASEB summer conferences on the topic that were held in 1994, 1996 and 1998, buy bringing together researchers with a wide range of backgrounds and perspectives who study RNA sorting and localization using a variety of experimental approaches. It is the intent to explore common themes and questions including: (i) The role of RNA localization in the establishment of embryonic cell lineages and axial polarity in invertebrates and vertebrates; (ii) the nature of the cis-acting signals and trans- acting factors that target mRNAs to particular intracellular locations; (iii) the nature of the delivery systems that are involved; (iv) the mechanisms that anchor localized mRNAs once they reach their proper destinations; (v) definition of the nature and number of different destinations that reside within individual cell types; (vi) the extent to which mRNA translocation and sorting is regulated by extracellular and intracellular signaling processes; (vii) the mechanisms involved in transport of RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and in some cases from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; and (viii) the multiple ways in which RNA sorting plays a role in cellular function such as translational control.