The effects of degassing and effusion rate fluctuations on the evolution of basaltic lava flow

脱气和喷流速率波动对玄武质熔岩流演化的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    NE/F018010/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2009 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Basaltic lava flows cause significant damage to property and infrastructure on many volcanoes. To improve our understanding of the evolution of lava flows and flow fields, there is a need for an integrated multi-disciplinary study of the physicochemical properties of lava as it moves from the vent to the flow front, and of the complex interactions that take place during flow. Key requirements are: (i) robust methods of predicting how lava rheology changes during flow; and (ii) an improved understanding of how both long- and short-term changes in effusion rates affect the complex range of processes operating during flow emplacement. This project will provide a range of measurements using new field equipment, automated imaging procedures, ground-, helicopter- and satellite-based imagery and innovative laboratory measurements. The combined dataset will be used to develop and constrain the next-generation of lava flow models which will drive future hazard assessment and mitigation strategies on basaltic volcanoes. We propose to focus our research on one or more eruptions of Mount Etna. This collaborative and multi-disciplinary project will be undertaken jointly by the PI and Co-PIs at Lancaster, staff at INGV, Catania, and other colleagues from the USA and the UK. Current flow models assume that rheological changes are driven mainly by surface cooling. However, rheological changes over the entire flow thickness can result from crystallisation due to degassing-related undercooling. To assess the importance of undercooling, we will determine patterns of volatile loss and rates of crystal and bubble nucleation and growth during the emplacement of active lava flows, and make accurate measurements of the rheological properties of lava in different parts of an active lava flow using a new field viscometer. Quenched samples of all lavas measured will be collected and used to determine the crystallinity, vesicularity and composition of residual glass of all samples in collaboration with colleagues at INGV, Catania, and the University of Oregon. Vesicle size distributions, porosity and an assessment of bubble coalescence and connectivity (and hence the potential for gas loss during flow) will be made at Lancaster using a state-of-the-art X-ray tomographic scanner. Measurements of volatile loss during emplacement will be undertaken in a new Magma Volatile Laboratory at Lancaster using a coupled Thermogravimetric Analysis - Differential Scanning Calorimeter - Mass Spectrometer, and these will allow the potential effects of undercooling to be quantified and compared with changes in crystal size distribution. These combined laboratory and field measurements will allow us to reconstruct the entire volatile degassing budget of a lava flow for the first time, and to assess the importance of degassing in controlling the emplacement of lava flows. The above measurements will be used in combination with a comprehensive time-series of thermal images and digital terrain models of an evolving lava flow field to understand and quantify the processes responsible for flow field evolution. Digital terrain models will be created using long range laser scanner data, augmented by oblique photogrammetric data from ground-based imagery from a new network of high-resolution cameras. These will be supplemented by helicopter imagery collected by INGV, Catania, and Hyperion satellite data in collaboration with a colleague at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The data acquired using the combined rheological/degassing and imaging measurements will, for the first time, enable the emplacement processes/flow behaviour to be directly linked to the cooling, degassing and crystallisation of the lava in both simple and more complex flow fields. While the work will be undertaken on lavas from Mount Etna, the methodologies developed in this project have major applications for many other volcanoes and are in line with NERC's strategic and scientific priorities 2007-2012.
玄武岩熔岩流对许多火山的财产和基础设施造成重大破坏。为了提高我们对熔岩流和流场演化的理解,有必要对熔岩从喷口到流锋的物理化学性质以及流动过程中发生的复杂相互作用进行综合的多学科研究。主要要求是:(i)预测流动过程中熔岩流变学如何变化的可靠方法;(ii)更好地了解渗出率的长期和短期变化如何影响流动就位过程中操作的复杂过程。该项目将利用新的实地设备、自动成像程序、地面、直升机和卫星图像以及创新的实验室测量方法进行一系列测量。合并后的数据集将用于开发和约束下一代熔岩流模型,这将推动玄武岩火山未来的灾害评估和减灾战略。我们建议把研究重点放在埃特纳火山的一次或多次喷发上。该协作和多学科项目将由兰开斯特的PI和Co-PI、卡塔尼亚INGV的工作人员以及来自美国和英国的其他同事共同开展。目前的流动模型假设流变学变化主要是由表面冷却驱动的。然而,整个流动厚度上的流变变化可能是由于脱气相关的过冷而导致的结晶。为了评估过冷的重要性,我们将确定模式的挥发性损失和晶体和气泡的成核和生长的速率在活跃的熔岩流的就位,并作出准确的测量的流变特性的熔岩在不同的部分的一个活跃的熔岩流使用一个新的现场粘度计。将收集测量的所有熔岩的淬火样品,并与INGV、卡塔尼亚和俄勒冈州大学的同事合作,用于确定所有样品残余玻璃的结晶度、囊泡度和组成。将在兰开斯特使用最先进的X射线断层扫描仪进行囊泡尺寸分布、孔隙率和气泡聚结和连通性评估(以及流动过程中气体损失的可能性)。将在兰开斯特的一个新的岩浆挥发性实验室中使用热重分析-差示扫描量热计-质谱仪对就位期间的挥发性损失进行测量,这些测量将使过冷的潜在影响得以量化,并与晶体尺寸分布的变化进行比较。这些结合实验室和现场测量将使我们能够重建整个挥发性的熔岩流的脱气预算的第一次,并评估脱气控制熔岩流的就位的重要性。上述测量结果将与不断演变的熔岩流场的热图像和数字地形模型的全面时间序列相结合,以了解和量化负责流场演变的过程。将使用远程激光扫描仪数据创建数字地形模型,并通过新的高分辨率相机网络的地面图像倾斜摄影测量数据进行增强。这些将由INGV、卡塔尼亚和NASA卫星数据收集的直升机图像与喷气推进实验室的同事合作进行补充。使用组合流变/脱气和成像测量获得的数据将首次使侵位过程/流动行为直接与简单和更复杂流场中熔岩的冷却,脱气和结晶相关联。虽然这项工作将在埃特纳火山的熔岩上进行,但该项目中开发的方法对许多其他火山也有重大应用,并符合国家能源研究中心2007-2012年的战略和科学优先事项。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The degassing and crystallisationbehaviour of basaltic lavas
玄武岩熔岩的脱气和结晶行为
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    LG Applegarth (Author)
  • 通讯作者:
    LG Applegarth (Author)
Imaging active lavas with a very-long-range terrestrial laser scanner and thermal camera
使用超远距离地面激光扫描仪和热像仪对活动熔岩进行成像
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    LJ Applegarth (Author)
  • 通讯作者:
    LJ Applegarth (Author)
Lava channel roofing, overflows, breaches and switching: insights from the 2008-2009 eruption of Mt. Etna
熔岩通道顶部、溢出、缺口和转换:2008-2009 年埃特纳火山喷发的见解
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00445-011-0513-9
  • 发表时间:
    2011
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.5
  • 作者:
    James M
  • 通讯作者:
    James M
Pointcatcher software: analysis of glacial time-lapse photography and integration with multitemporal digital elevation models
  • DOI:
    10.1017/jog.2016.27
  • 发表时间:
    2016-02
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.4
  • 作者:
    M. James;P. How;P. Wynn
  • 通讯作者:
    M. James;P. How;P. Wynn
Imaging short period variations in lava flux
对熔岩通量的短期变化进行成像
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00445-010-0354-y
  • 发表时间:
    2010
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.5
  • 作者:
    James M
  • 通讯作者:
    James M
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Michael James其他文献

ACTIVITY OF SYNB1353, AN INVESTIGATIONAL METHIONINE-CONSUMING SYNTHETIC BIOTIC MEDICINE, IN AN ACUTE NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL OF HOMOCYSTINURIA
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.01.075
  • 发表时间:
    2022-04-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Mylene Perreault;Erik Gerson;Jillian Means;Michael James;Michael Jessel;Ted Moore;Analise Reeves;David Lubkowicz;David Hava
  • 通讯作者:
    David Hava
strongGASTROINTESTINAL METHIONINE METABOLISM WITH LIVE BIOTHERAPEUTICS SYNB1353 RESULTS IN IMPROVED PLASMA METHIONINE AND HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN MICE AND NONHUMAN PRIMATES/strong
使用活生物治疗剂 SYNB1353 对胃肠道中甲硫氨酸代谢的强烈作用导致小鼠和非人灵长类动物血浆中甲硫氨酸和同型半胱氨酸水平的改善。
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107468
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.500
  • 作者:
    Mylene Perreault;Erik Gerson;Julia Xu;Casey Hannigan;Michael James;Jillian Means;David Lubkowicz;David Hava
  • 通讯作者:
    David Hava
Concentrating on the right measures
集中精力采取正确措施
The Ethical and Legal Implications of Using Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Public Relations Campaigns in the United States
在美国使用大数据和人工智能进行公共关系活动的道德和法律影响
Sa1654: ENGINEERING SYNTHETIC BIOTIC MEDICINES TO SECRETE HUMAN PROTEINS AND SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AS A VERSATILE PLATFORM TO TREAT INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0016-5085(22)61081-3
  • 发表时间:
    2022-05-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Analise Z. Reeves;Starsha Kolodziej;Jenny Shu;Chun-Cheih Chao;Jillian Means;Catherine Monahan;David Lubkowicz;Michael James;Mylene Perreault;Vincent Isabella;David Hava
  • 通讯作者:
    David Hava

Michael James的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Michael James', 18)}}的其他基金

Radar-supported Next-Generation Forecasting of Volcanic Ash Hazard (R4AsH)
雷达支持的下一代火山灰危害预报 (R4AsH)
  • 批准号:
    NE/S005218/1
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
CC*IIE Campus Design - Internet2 Infrastructure
CC*IIE 园区设计 - Internet2 基础设施
  • 批准号:
    1440617
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Quantifying degassing-driven crystal growth in basaltic lavas
量化玄武岩熔岩中脱气驱动的晶体生长
  • 批准号:
    NE/I016414/1
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
[ENVIRON] Quantifying lava flow dynamics with a very-long-range terrestrial laser scanner
[ENVIRON] 使用超远距离地面激光扫描仪量化熔岩流动力学
  • 批准号:
    NE/H018867/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Training Grant

相似海外基金

Collaborative Research: NSFGEO/NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism
合作研究:NSFGEO/NERC:灾难之后:大型火成岩省火山活动后的神秘脱气和延迟恢复
  • 批准号:
    2317936
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: NSFGEO/NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism
合作研究:NSFGEO/NERC:灾难之后:大型火成岩省火山活动后的神秘脱气和延迟恢复
  • 批准号:
    2317938
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
NSFGEO-NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism
NSFGEO-NERC:灾难之后:大火成岩省火山活动后的神秘排气和延迟恢复
  • 批准号:
    NE/Y00650X/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Collaborative Research: NSFGEO/NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism
合作研究:NSFGEO/NERC:灾难之后:大型火成岩省火山活动后的神秘脱气和延迟恢复
  • 批准号:
    2317937
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: NSFGEO/NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism
合作研究:NSFGEO/NERC:灾难之后:大型火成岩省火山活动后的神秘脱气和延迟恢复
  • 批准号:
    2317935
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: NSFGEO/NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism
合作研究:NSFGEO/NERC:灾难之后:大型火成岩省火山活动后的神秘脱气和延迟恢复
  • 批准号:
    2317939
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Does depressurization by degassing of a magma chamber induce an eruption?
岩浆室脱气减压是否会引发火山喷发?
  • 批准号:
    23KJ1160
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
Magmatic volatiles and degassing from the Earth
岩浆挥发物和地球脱气
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2020-04197
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
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Collaborative Proposal: Tectonic degassing as a possible solution to the Miocene climate enigma
合作提案:构造脱气作为解决中新世气候之谜的可能方法
  • 批准号:
    2202777
  • 财政年份:
    2022
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Collaborative Proposal: Tectonic degassing as a possible solution to the Miocene climate enigma
合作提案:构造脱气作为解决中新世气候之谜的可能方法
  • 批准号:
    2202760
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 46.56万
  • 项目类别:
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