Climate response to orbital forcing during the Eocene deglaciated, high temperature, high CO2 state: New records from Sites 1210, 1258 & 1267

始新世冰消、高温、高二氧化碳状态下的气候对轨道强迫的响应：来自站点 1210、1258 的新记录

• 批准号: NE/G009376/1
• 负责人: Paul Wilson
• 金额: $ 5.19万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FG009376%2F1
• 关键词: Climate; response; orbital; forcing; during

In the past 150 years mankind has increased the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 280 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to 380 ppmv. We know that this anthropogenic value is much higher than anything seen on Earth in the last 800 thousand years from the famous records of air bubbles trapped in layers of ice cored in Antarctica. At the rate at which China and India are industrializing, by the end of this century, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is predicted to reach 750, perhaps 1000 ppmv. These sorts of concentrations have not been seen on Earth since the Eocene (about 50 million years ago) when our planet was much warmer and less glaciated than today (see cover story, New Scientist, 21 June, 2008). These remarkable observations mean that we must improve our understanding of the stability of these ancient geological climates. In the past this would not have been possible in the way that we propose because the sorts of geological materials required for this work (well-dated, well-preserved and undisturbed sediments from the depths of the oceans) were not available. However, the UK is part of a major international collaborative science program called the (Integrated)Ocean Drilling Program or (I)ODP. In its last phase of operation (I)ODP instigated a major campaign of drilling holes in the sea floor to retrieve the sorts of Eocene sediments required for this sort of work. Each of us was heavily involved in this campaign (see Part I, our 'track records'). Our proposal seeks funding to study natural climate variability during this 'Eocene greenhouse' interval using these recently recovered (I)ODP sediments. Specifically, we want to understand the sensitivity of climate to Earth's orbit of the Sun under this deglaciated, high temperature, high CO2 level state. We plan to generate palaeoclimate records for the surface and deep ocean by applying established chemical techniques to pin-head sized fossils called foraminifera that make their shells from calcium carbonate. A key aspect of our work will be to determine the rhythmic fluctuations in temperature and carbon cycle behaviour across different hemispheres, latitudes and oceans. Our work has the potential to identify novel methods to: 1) Tackle ongoing debate over the existence of substantial ice sheets during other intervals of geologic time. 2) Test for local (surface ocean export production) versus global (deep ocean 'acidity') control on the burial of CaCO3 at the sea floor.

在过去的150年里，人类已经将大气中二氧化碳的含量从百万分之280（ppmv）增加到380 ppmv。我们知道，这个人为的价值比地球上在过去80万年里看到的任何东西都要高得多，这是从南极洲冰层中捕获的气泡的著名记录中得出的。按照中国和印度工业化的速度，到本世纪末，大气中二氧化碳的浓度预计将达到750，也许是1000 ppmv。自从始新世（大约5000万年前）以来，地球上还没有出现过这种浓度，当时我们的星球比今天温暖得多，冰川也少得多（见封面故事，新科学家，2008年6月21日）。这些引人注目的观测结果意味着我们必须提高对这些古老地质气候稳定性的认识。在过去，这是不可能的，因为我们无法获得这项工作所需的地质材料（来自海洋深处的年代久远、保存完好和未受干扰的沉积物）。然而，英国是一个主要的国际合作科学计划的一部分，称为（综合）海洋钻探计划或（I）ODP。在作业（I）的最后阶段，大洋钻探计划发起了一场在海底钻孔的大规模活动，以取回这类工作所需的始新世沉积物。我们每个人都积极参与了这场运动（见第一部分，我们的“跟踪记录”）。我们的提案寻求资金，以研究自然气候变化，在这个“始新世温室”的间隔使用这些最近恢复（I）ODP沉积物。具体来说，我们想了解在这种冰川消退、高温、高二氧化碳水平的状态下，气候对地球太阳轨道的敏感性。我们计划通过将现有的化学技术应用于针头大小的有孔虫化石来产生表层和深海的古气候记录，有孔虫化石的外壳是由碳酸钙制成的。我们工作的一个关键方面将是确定不同半球、纬度和海洋的温度和碳循环行为的节律性波动。我们的工作有可能确定新的方法：1）解决正在进行的关于在其他地质时期存在大量冰盖的争论。2)对海底埋藏CaCO3的当地（表层海洋出口生产）与全球（深海“酸度”）控制进行测试。

项目成果

Symbiont 'bleaching' in planktic foraminifera during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum

• DOI: 10.1130/g33388.1
• 发表时间: 2013-01-01
• 期刊: GEOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Edgar, K. M.;Bohaty, S. M.;Wilson, P. A.
• 通讯作者: Wilson, P. A.

Transient temperature asymmetry between hemispheres in the Palaeogene Atlantic Ocean

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0182-9
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Zhonghui Liu;Yuxin He;Yiqing Jiang;Huanye Wang;Weiguo Liu;S. Bohaty;P. Wilson

Enhanced primary productivity and magnetotactic bacterial production in response to middle Eocene warming in the Neo-Tethys Ocean

• DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.009
• 发表时间: 2014-11
• 期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
• 作者: J. Savian;L. Jovane;F. Frontalini;R. Trindade;R. Coccioni;S. Bohaty;P. Wilson;F. Florindo;A. Roberts;R. Catanzariti;F. Iacoviello

Coccolithophore calcification response to past ocean acidification and climate change.

• DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6363
• 发表时间: 2014-11-17
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: O'Dea, Sarah A.;Gibbs, Samantha J.;Bown, Paul R.;Young, Jeremy R.;Poulton, Alex J.;Newsam, Cherry;Wilson, Paul A.
• 通讯作者: Wilson, Paul A.

Mechanistic insights into a hydrate contribution to the Paleocene-Eocene carbon cycle perturbation from coupled thermohydraulic simulations

从耦合热水力模拟中了解水合物对古新世-始新世碳循环扰动的贡献机制

• DOI: 10.1002/2016gl069676
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Minshull T