Climate change across the Eocene/Oligocene and Oligocene/Miocene transitions: IODP Expedition 342, Newfoundland sediment drifts

始新世/渐新世和渐新世/中新世过渡期的气候变化：IODP 342 号探险队，纽芬兰沉积物漂移

• 批准号: NE/K008390/1
• 负责人: Paul Wilson
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK008390%2F1
• 关键词: Climate; change; across; Eocene; Oligocene

Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a powerful greenhouse gas and its concentration in Earth's atmosphere has increased by around 35% since the start of the Industrial Revolution (in ca. 250 yrs) to a level that is higher than at any time in the past 800 thousand years as measured in air bubbles obtained from ice cores. If man-made (anthropogenic) CO2 emissions to the atmosphere follow projected rates, then by 2100, concentrations will reach values not seen since the Palaeogene epoch (ca. 65-23 million years ago, Ma) when Earth's climate was much warmer than today, featuring, for example, a genuinely green Greenland. These startling observations provide a powerful incentive to improve our understanding of the workings of the Palaeogene climate system.The Cenozoic palaeoclimate record is largely pieced together from the analysis of deep-sea sediments. It reveals a long-term climatic deterioration since the early Eocene (~55 Ma) with superimposed higher-frequency (10 to 100 thousand year timescale) variations including those paced by changes in Earth's orbit of the Sun and more extreme changes, both transient excursions and more persistent shifts in climate-state. In each case, the palaeoclimate archive indicates a close relationship between the climate signal observed and perturbation to the global carbon cycle.To decipher the physical and biogeochemical mechanisms that forced these changes in climate and the responses (feedback effects) we must determine rates and full magnitude of the changes involved. Until now this has proved difficult because virtually all of our records of pre-Plio-Pleistocene climate change come from sites where sediments accumulate very slowly (~ 1 cm per thousand years). Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition, IODP Exp., 342 addresses this problem directly by having drilled a series of holes at sites where deep-sea sediments have accumulated at unusually fast rates (up to 10 cm per thousand years) in sediment drifts that were swept and piled up under the influence flow path of the Deep Western Boundary Current on J Anomaly Ridge and Southeast Newfoundland Ridge. The drill site area is famous because it is the graveyard of RMS Titanic, which sank after colliding with an iceberg en route from Southampton, England, to New York City, USA, in April 1912 and of the Andrea Gail, the commercial swordfish vessel from Gloucester, Massachusetts, lost at sea with all hands during the "Perfect Storm" of October 1991. These sediments drilled provide an archive of changes in chemistry, flow history, and depth structure of waters exiting the Nordic seas and Arctic Ocean during the transition into a world with major ice caps in both hemispheres from an ice-free world featuring a genuinely green Greenland and lush forests on Antarctica.The proposed project will generate new high-resolution records of core-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and targeted oxygen and carbon isotopes of bulk CaCO3 in Exp. 342 drill cores: (i) To produce high quality chronologies and correlations among the expedition sites and ties to existing records from sites elsewhere where sedimentation rates are slower. (ii) To evaluate the climatic significance of these cyclostratigraphic records and lay the groundwork for a full quantitative geochemical analysis of the changes in ocean temperature, ice volume and CO2 levels involved.

二氧化碳CO2是一种强大的温室气体，自工业革命开始以来，其在地球大气中的浓度已增加了35％左右，达到了比过去80万年前的任何时间在从冰芯获得的气泡中衡量的时间高。如果人为（人为）对大气的二氧化碳排放遵循预计的速率，那么到2100年，当地球的气候比今天温暖时，浓度将达到自古代时代以来未见的价值，例如，地球的气候要温暖得多，例如，真正的绿地是一个真正的绿地。这些令人震惊的观察结果提供了一种有力的动力，以提高我们对古气候系统的运作的理解。新生代古气候记录在很大程度上是通过对深海沉积物的分析而拼凑而成的。它揭示了自始新世早期（〜55 mA）以来的长期气候恶化，并具有叠加的更高频率（10至100千年的时间尺度）变化，包括那些因地球轨道的变化而节奏的变化，以及更大的极端变化，瞬态偏移和气候状态的持续变化。在每种情况下，古气候档案都表明观察到的气候信号与与全球碳循环的扰动之间存在密切的关系，以解读迫使这些变化的物理和生物地球化学机制，这些机制迫使这些变化和反应（反馈效应）（反馈效应），我们必须确定所涉及的变化的速率和完全的变化。到目前为止，这已经证明很困难，因为我们几乎所有关于普遍新世气候变化的记录都来自沉积物积累非常缓慢（约1厘米每千年）的地点。 IODP Exp。集成的海洋钻井计划探险，342直接解决了这个问题，通过在地点漂移中以异常快速（每千年的高达10 cm）累积的地点进行了一系列孔，这些孔在沉积物漂移中累积了，这些漏洞被席卷并在J Anomaly Ridge和Southeast Newfland的深层西部边界的影响下堆积在堆积状态下，并堆积在j Anomaly Ridge and Southeast Newfland ridge。钻探场地之所以闻名，是因为它是RMS泰坦尼克号的墓地，它与1912年4月从英格兰南安普敦到美国纽约市的冰山相撞，并于1912年4月和安德里亚·盖尔（Andrea Gail）和安德里亚·盖尔（Andrea Gail）（从马萨诸塞州格洛克斯特（Gloucester）的马萨诸塞州格洛斯特（Gloucester）的商业箭船（Andrea Gail）造成了1991年10月的“完美风暴”中的所有动作。 and depth structure of waters exiting the Nordic seas and Arctic Ocean during the transition into a world with major ice caps in both hemispheres from an ice-free world featuring a genuinely green Greenland and lush forests on Antarctica.The proposed project will generate new high-resolution records of core-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and targeted oxygen and carbon isotopes of bulk CaCO3 in Exp. 342钻头核心：（i）在探险地点之间产生高质量的年代和相关性，并与其他地方的现有记录联系起来，这些地点较慢。 （ii）评估这些环地层学记录的气候意义，并为对海洋温度，冰量和二氧化碳水平的变化进行全面定量地球化学分析奠定了基础。

项目成果

Magnetostratigraphically-calibrated dinoflagellate cyst bioevents for the uppermost Eocene to lowermost Miocene of the western North Atlantic (IODP Expedition 342, Paleogene Newfoundland sediment drifts)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.08.002
• 发表时间: 2016-11
• 期刊: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Lisa M. Egger;K. Śliwińska;T. Peer;D. Liebrand;P. Lippert;O. Friedrich;P. Wilson;R. Norris;J. Pross

Cyclostratigraphy and eccentricity tuning of the early Oligocene through early Miocene (30.1-17.1 Ma): Cibicides mundulus stable oxygen and carbon isotope records from Walvis Ridge Site 1264

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.007
• 发表时间: 2016-09-15
• 期刊: EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Liebrand, Diederik;Beddow, Helen M.;Batenburg, Sietske J.
• 通讯作者: Batenburg, Sietske J.

Response of the Pacific inter-tropical convergence zone to global cooling and initiation of Antarctic glaciation across the Eocene Oligocene Transition.

• DOI: 10.1038/srep30647
• 发表时间: 2016-08-10
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Hyeong K;Kuroda J;Seo I;Wilson PA
• 通讯作者: Wilson PA

Transient temperature asymmetry between hemispheres in the Palaeogene Atlantic Ocean

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0182-9
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Zhonghui Liu;Yuxin He;Yiqing Jiang;Huanye Wang;Weiguo Liu;S. Bohaty;P. Wilson

A record of Neogene seawater d<sup>11</sup>B reconstructed from paired d<sup>11</sup>B analyses on benthic and planktic foraminifera

新近纪海水d记录

• DOI: 10.5194/cp-2015-177
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Greenop R