FEC Recovery for Co-Chief Scientist Duties for Prof. Paul A. Wilson: IODP Expedition 342 Palaeogene Newfoundland sediment drifts

Paul A. Wilson 教授联席首席科学家职责的 FEC 回收：IODP Expedition 342 古近纪纽芬兰沉积物漂移

• 批准号: NE/K006800/1
• 负责人: Paul Wilson
• 金额: $ 8.78万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK006800%2F1
• 关键词: FEC; Recovery; Co; Chief; Scientist

Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a powerful greenhouse gas and its concentration in Earth's atmosphere has increased by around 35% since the start of the Industrial Revolution (in ca. 250 yrs) to a level that is higher than at any time in the past 800 thousand years as measured in air bubbles obtained from ice cores. If man-made (anthropogenic) CO2 emissions to the atmosphere follow projected rates, then by 2100, concentrations will reach values not seen since the Palaeogene epoch (ca. 65-23 million years ago, Ma) when Earth's climate was much warmer than today, featuring, for example, a genuinely green Greenland. These startling observations provide a powerful incentive to improve our understanding of the workings of the Palaeogene climate system.The Cenozoic palaeoclimate record is largely pieced together from the analysis of deep-sea sediments. It reveals a long-term climatic deterioration since the early Eocene (~55 Ma) with superimposed higher-frequency (10 to 100 thousand yearr timescale) variations including those paced by changes in Earth's orbit of the Sun and more extreme changes, both transient excursions and more persistent shifts in climate-state. In each case, the palaeoclimate archive indicates a close relationship between the climate signal observed and perturbation to the global carbon cycle.To decipher the physical and biogeochemical mechanisms that forced these changes in climate and the responses (feedback effects) we must determine rates and full magnitude of the changes involved. Until now this has proved difficult because virtually all of our records of Palaeogene climate change come from sites where sediments accumulate very slowly (~ 1 cm per thousand years). Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition, IODP Exp., 342 is designed to solve this problem by drilling a series of holes at sites where deep-sea sediments have accumulated at unusually fast rates (10 to 25 cm per thousand years). IODP Exp. 342 will drill a depth transect between ~2400 and 5000 m water depth into a number of sediment drifts of Paleogene age that were swept and piled up under the influence flow path of the Deep Western Boundary Current on J Anomaly Ridge and Southeast Newfoundland Ridge. The drill site area is famous because it is the graveyard of RMS Titanic, which sank after colliding with an iceberg en route from Southampton, England, to New York City, USA, in April 1912 and of the Andrea Gail, the commercial swordfish vessel from Gloucester, Massachusetts, lost at sea with all hands during the "Perfect Storm" of October 1991. These sediments to be drilled will provide an archive of changes in chemistry, flow history, and depth structure of waters exiting the Nordic seas and Arctic Ocean during the transition from an ice-free world featuring a genuinely green Greenland and lush forests on Antarctica.

二氧化碳是一种强大的温室气体，自工业革命开始(约250年)以来，其在地球大气中的浓度增加了约35%，以从冰芯获得的气泡衡量，达到了过去80万年来任何时候都要高的水平。如果人类(人为)排放到大气中的二氧化碳按照预计的速度排放，那么到2100年，二氧化碳浓度将达到自古近纪(约6500万至2300万年前)以来未曾见过的值，当时地球的气候比今天温暖得多，例如，具有真正绿色的格陵兰。这些令人震惊的观察结果为我们更好地了解古近纪气候系统的工作机制提供了强大的动力。新生代古气候记录在很大程度上是通过对深海沉积物的分析拼凑而成的。它揭示了自始新世早期(~55 Ma)以来气候的长期恶化，叠加了更高频率(1万到10万年时间尺度)的变化，包括地球太阳轨道的变化和更极端的变化，既有短暂的漂移，也有更持久的气候状态变化。在每一种情况下，古气候档案都表明了观测到的气候信号与全球碳循环扰动之间的密切关系。为了破译迫使气候变化及其反应(反馈效应)的物理和生物地球化学机制，我们必须确定所涉及的变化的速率和全部幅度。到目前为止，这被证明是困难的，因为我们关于古近纪气候变化的几乎所有记录都来自沉积积累非常缓慢(每千年约1厘米)的地点。综合海洋钻探计划探险，IODP Exp，342旨在通过在深海沉积物以异常快的速度(每千年10至25厘米)积累的地点钻一系列孔来解决这一问题。IODP Exp342将在约2400~5000m水深范围内钻取一条水深约2400~5000m的断面，钻入一批古近纪沉积物，这些沉积物是在J异常海脊和纽芬兰东南部海脊上的深西部边界流的影响下被扫荡和堆积的。钻探现场区域因是泰坦尼克号的墓地而闻名，泰坦尼克号在1912年4月从英国南安普顿前往美国纽约市的途中与冰山相撞后沉没，而来自马萨诸塞州格洛斯特的商业箭鱼船安德里亚·盖尔号在1991年10月的“完美风暴”中与所有人一起在海上失踪。这些即将钻探的沉积物将提供北欧海和北冰洋从真正绿色的格陵兰岛和南极洲茂盛的森林过渡到无冰世界期间水域的化学变化、流动历史和深度结构的档案。

项目成果

Magnetostratigraphically-calibrated dinoflagellate cyst bioevents for the uppermost Eocene to lowermost Miocene of the western North Atlantic (IODP Expedition 342, Paleogene Newfoundland sediment drifts)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.08.002
• 发表时间: 2016-11
• 期刊: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Lisa M. Egger;K. Śliwińska;T. Peer;D. Liebrand;P. Lippert;O. Friedrich;P. Wilson;R. Norris;J. Pross

North Atlantic Evidence for a Unipolar Icehouse Climate State at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition

北大西洋始新世-渐新世过渡时期单极冰室气候状态的证据

• DOI: 10.1029/2019pa003563
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Spray J

Meridional Contrasts in Productivity Changes Driven by the Opening of Drake Passage

• DOI: 10.1002/2017pa003211
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: J. Ladant;Y. Donnadieu;L. Bopp;C. Lear;P. Wilson

Late Maastrichtian carbon isotope stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy of the Newfoundland Margin (Site U1403, IODP Leg 342)

• DOI: 10.1127/nos/2017/0398
• 发表时间: 2018-03-01
• 期刊: NEWSLETTERS ON STRATIGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Batenburg, Sietske J.;Friedrich, Oliver;Wilson, Paul A.
• 通讯作者: Wilson, Paul A.

Transient temperature asymmetry between hemispheres in the Palaeogene Atlantic Ocean

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0182-9
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Zhonghui Liu;Yuxin He;Yiqing Jiang;Huanye Wang;Weiguo Liu;S. Bohaty;P. Wilson