Characterising drivers of non-native fish establishment and predicting their impact on aquatic biodiversity

描述非本地鱼类繁殖的驱动因素并预测其对水生生物多样性的影响

• 批准号: NE/H000429/1
• 负责人: Robert Britton
• 金额: $ 9.92万
• 依托单位: Bournemouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH000429%2F1
• 关键词: Characterising; drivers; non; native; fish

Theoretically, the introduction into any environment of a pair of sexually reproducing animals (propagules) should be sufficient to enable a sustainable population to develop - a process known as establishment. However, this is rarely the case in reality and a high number of repeated introductions are often necessary for establishment. Whilst many species are introduced into alien environments, only a few develop populations and even fewer become invasive. A primary reason is the failure to establish due to limiting environmental and biological factors. Propagule pressure may assist introduced species overcome these limiting factors, as some studies have suggested that probability of establishment may increase with the number of propagules released and the number of introduction attempts, and with the rate of introduction. How propagule number and introduction rate interact and influence establishment is, however, not apparent. Moreover, for a species to survive introduction, the release of propagules must coincide with adequate resource availability, i.e. it is the interactions between propagule pressure and resource availability that may be most crucial. Although the pre-emption of resources by native species generates biotic resistance to invasion, propagule pressure may have the potential to overcome this. A major limitation when studying biological invasion in situ is that data on propagule pressure is generally absent, particularly as ecologists are generally unwilling to deliberately introduce new species for research. This has lead to a poor scientific understanding of the relationship between propagule pressure and establishment success, including the duration of the time between introduction and invasion, and ecological impacts. Yet understanding how the characteristics of introductions shape the establishment and invasion process is critical to increasing understanding on how introductions may be better managed. This is ecologically significant as the threat of invasive species to biodiversity is second only to habitat loss. Although their impacts have been described as immense, insidious and usually irreversible, there is a growing minority of ecologists who question the evidence that non-native species are actually a direct cause of declines in native biodiversity and suggest further work is necessary to quantify this. One way to accurately quantify drivers of establishment and resulting ecological impacts is through large-scale experimentation in the wild. To date, the few studies where the effects of propagule pressure on establishment success have been identified have mainly been observational studies on introduced birds, with few completed experimental approaches. Little is known about other vertebrate species, and virtually nothing about those in the aquatic environment. This is mainly due to major ethical concerns about introducing non-native species into novel environments for research. This project, however, presents a unique opportunity to address these knowledge gaps in aquatic invasion ecology through the use of a commercially decommissioned, licensed aquaculture site of 84 ponds within a river catchment that already hosts the model species, enabling their use without introduction. Thus, through the study of an introduced model vertebrate species (topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva) into a controlled experimental setting, the objectives of the research are to: 1) determine the drivers of establishment rate and success of introduced fish; 2) identify the ecological impacts of establishment on native communities; and 3) develop models that predict establishment and impact from the characteristics of the initial introduction. Outputs will include the production of predictive models of processes essential to invasion success that can be used to underpin current preventative, remediation and mitigation techniques of alien species in the UK and beyond.

从理论上讲，对一对性生殖动物（繁殖）的任何环境的引入应该足以使可持续人群发展 - 这一过程称为建立。但是，实际上很少是这种情况，而且建立通常需要大量重复的介绍。尽管许多物种被引入外来环境中，但只有少数物种发展，甚至更少的侵入性。一个主要原因是由于限制环境和生物学因素而无法建立。繁殖压力可能有助于引入的物种克服这些限制因素，因为一些研究表明，建立的可能性可能随释放的繁殖次数和引入尝试的数量以及引入速度而增加。但是，繁殖数和引言的相互作用和影响力的建立方式并不明显。此外，要使物种生存引入，繁殖的释放必须与足够的资源可用性相吻合，即繁殖压力与资源可用性之间的相互作用可能最重要。尽管本地物种对资源的先发制位产生了对入侵的生物抗性，但繁殖压力可能有可能克服这一点。研究生物学入侵原位的一个主要局限性通常不存在有关繁殖压力的数据，特别是因为生态学家通常不愿意故意引入新物种进行研究。这导致对繁殖压力和建立成功之间的关系的科学理解不足，包括引言与入侵之间的持续时间以及生态影响。然而，了解介绍的特征如何塑造建立和入侵过程对于增加对介绍如何更好地管理的理解至关重要。这在生态上具有重要意义，因为入侵物种对生物多样性的威胁仅次于栖息地丧失。尽管它们的影响被描述为巨大，阴险且通常是不可逆转的，但越来越多的生态学家质疑证据表明非本地物种实际上是本地生物多样性下降的直接原因，并建议对量化这一点进行进一步的工作。准确量化建立驱动因素和产生的生态影响的一种方法是通过在野外进行大规模实验。迄今为止，已经确定了繁殖压力对建立成功的影响的少数研究主要是对引入鸟类的观察性研究，几乎没有完成的实验方法。关于其他脊椎动物物种知之甚少，几乎没有水生环境中的物种。这主要是由于将非本地物种引入新的研究环境中的主要道德问题。然而，该项目为解决水生侵入生态学的这些知识差距提供了一个独特的机会，该项目通过使用商业退役的，有执照的水产养殖场地的84个池塘中的河流集水区中已经托管了模型物种，在不引入的情况下实现了它们的使用。因此，通过研究引入的模型脊椎动物（Topmouth Gudgeon，Pseudorasbora Parva）进入受控的实验环境中，研究的目标是：1）确定建立率和引入鱼类的成功率； 2）确定建立对土著社区的生态影响； 3）开发可预测最初介绍特征的建立和影响的模型。输出将包括生产入侵成功所必需的过程的预测模型，这些过程可用于支撑英国及其他地区外星物种的当前预防，补救和缓解技术。

项目成果

Quantifying imperfect detection in an invasive pest fish and the implications for conservation management

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.05.008
• 发表时间: 2011-09-01
• 期刊: BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Britton, J. Robert;Pegg, Josephine;Gozlan, Rodolphe E.
• 通讯作者: Gozlan, Rodolphe E.

Testing strength of biotic resistance against an introduced fish: inter-specific competition or predation through facultative piscivory?

测试对引进鱼类的生物抗性强度：种间竞争还是通过兼性食鱼进行捕食？

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031707
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Britton JR

Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive and native fishes in wild communities are predictable from mesocosm studies.

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12360
• 发表时间: 2015-07
• 期刊: The Journal of animal ecology
• 作者: Tran TN;Jackson MC;Sheath D;Verreycken H;Britton JR
• 通讯作者: Britton JR

Do trophic subsidies affect the outcome of introductions of a non-native freshwater fish?

• DOI: 10.1111/fwb.12197
• 发表时间: 2013-10-01
• 期刊: FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Jackson, Michelle C.;Allen, Rachel;Britton, J. Robert
• 通讯作者: Britton, J. Robert

Geo-politics and freshwater fish introductions: How the Cold War shaped Europe's fish allodiversity

地缘政治和淡水鱼类介绍：冷战如何塑造欧洲鱼类的多样性

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.017
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Global Environmental Change
• 作者: Britton J