BIOTRIBOLOGY OF DIARTHRODIAL JOINTS

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：这是首次更新 一个优秀的，高效的生物工程师团队的应用（G。 Ateshian）与生物化学家（W。Valhmu），他们正在研究 关节软骨润滑和/或润滑失败 牛关节软骨的载荷/摩擦特性。基于 以前的理论和实验，作者提出了新的实验， 进一步描述摩擦力和流体之间的关系 关节软骨加压。正在测试的总体理论是， 加压使载荷远离接触软骨表面， 减小摩擦直到加压消退。三个相关假设 将在这次更新中进行测试：1/摩擦取决于组织间液 支承载荷、平衡摩擦系数和固-固接触; 软骨对软骨的接触面积小于软骨对 玻璃. 2/在正常负荷下，软骨始终保持高间质性 具有低摩擦和3/酶降解的流体支持将击败 间隙负荷机制和增加摩擦系数。使用 一种独特的载荷或位移控制的摩擦试验装置， 微芯片压力传感器测量软骨间质液 直接加压，作者将系统地测试这些假设 通过一系列经过深思熟虑的排列和组合， 载荷-位移控制试验。测试流体的能力 在这些不同的，良好控制的， 生理相关的负荷条件，以测试各种理论 软骨的润滑和摩擦，是非常重要和独特的。的 调查人员提供了大量证据，证明这一建议既符合逻辑， 可行他们对这个主题的背景回顾，沿着他们关于 过去几年的主题都很突出。它们提供了强大的 理论和实验证据来支持他们的概念， 试验.主要概念是流体增压对于 控制软骨摩擦。他们将用 玻璃软骨测试沿着一些非常重要和独特的 在0.05Mpa-5Mpa应力下的软骨对软骨试验，频率为 0.0005Hz-0.5 Hz和高达10%的压缩应变，有和没有 酶（胶原酶、软骨素酶ABC和透明质酸酶）治疗。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Investigator's abstract): This is a first renewal application of an excellent, highly productive team of a Bioengineer (G. Ateshian) with a Biochemist (W. Valhmu) who are studying the mechanisms of articular cartilage lubrication and/or failure of lubrication on loading/frictional characteristics of bovine articular cartilage. Based on previous theories and experiments, the authors propose new experiments to further characterize the relationships between friction and fluid pressurization of articular cartilage. The overall theory being tested is that pressurization shifts load away from contacting cartilage surfaces, thus decreasing friction until pressurization subsides. Three relevant hypotheses are to be tested in this renewal: 1/that friction depends on interstitial fluid support load, equilibrium frictional coefficient and solid-to-solid contact; that cartilage-on-cartilage contact fraction area is smaller than cartilage on glass. 2/ under normal loading, cartilage always maintains high interstitial fluid support with low friction and 3/ enzymatic degradation will defeat interstitial load mechanisms and increase the coefficient of friction. Using a unique load-or-displacement controlled frictional testing apparatus containing a microchip pressure transducer to measure cartilage interstitial fluid pressurization directly, the authors will systematically test these hypotheses through a series of carefully thought out permutations and combinations of load-versus-displacement controlled tests. The ability to test the fluid pressures within cartilage samples under these various, well-controlled, physiologically relevant loading conditions, in order to test various theories of cartilage lubrication and friction, is extremely important and unique. The investigators provide extensive evidence that this proposal is both logical and feasible. Their background review on the topic, along with their papers on the topic over the past few years are all outstanding. They provide both strong theoretical and experimental evidence to support the concepts that they are testing. The main concept is that fluid pressurization is critical to controlling cartilage friction. They will test that theory using cartilage-on-glass tests along with some very important and unique cartilage-on-cartilage tests at stresses from 0.05Mpa-5 Mpa, frequencies of 0.0005Hz - 0.5 Hz and up to 10 percent compressive strains, with and without enzymatic (collagenase, chondroitinase ABC and hyaluronidase) treatments.