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Selection on behaviour and life histories across generations in a natural population

自然群体中各代人的行为和生活史的选择

基本信息

批准号：
NE/H02249X/1
负责人：
Tom Tregenza
金额：
$ 45.32万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH02249X%2F1
关键词：
Selection behaviour life histories across

项目摘要

Insects make up the vast majority of animal biodiversity and have been studied intensively in the lab, providing numerous insights into how evolution works. However, there is now a serious imbalance between what we know about evolutionary biology in the lab and what we know about how things actually work in nature. This discrepancy is a source of concern for two reasons: Firstly, laboratory situations may be misleading as they remove sources of selection that may be very important in wild populations; for instance, it may be that male crickets that sing louder get more mates in the lab but in the field this is balanced by being more likely to be eaten by birds. Secondly, we urgently need to improve our understanding of how natural populations can respond to environmental change, and for this, we need studies of insects as well as vertebrates. Four years ago we began monitoring a population of field crickets in a Spanish meadow. Over the last 2 years we have studied the population intensively, tagging every individual and recording their lives using a network of 96 video cameras. The reproductive success of every individual and the pattern of relationships across generations have been estimated using DNA fingerprinting techniques. This has already provided important insights, such as showing that males vary more than females in how many offspring they have and that the traits displayed by males that have lots of mates are different from the traits typical of males that have lots of offspring. In this project we will dramatically improve our video monitoring and our ability to determine the relationships between individuals (by using new digital camera technology and new SNP genotyping techniques). We will combine information across years about the population as a whole, how individuals are related, their life histories, behaviour and reproductive success. This comprehensive information about every individual will allow us to address our major aims of determining how much genetic variation is present and whether natural and sexual selection, which drive evolution in populations, are consistent across years or whether they vary a lot. This is important because if in some years certain types of individual do well, whereas in others, different traits are more advantageous, this will help maintain genetic variation. Such variation allows populations to adapt to environmental change, so we need to understand how much there is and how it is maintained. A related aim will be to investigate how population density affects selection, something that we can only investigate with data from a number of years. A second set of objectives relate to examining aspects of sexual selection that have been well studied in laboratories, but neglected in the wild. These include finding out whether particular males and females or particular pairs of mates tend to be more successful either because they have genes that produce offspring that are intrinsically superior to the offspring of some other pairs or because certain combinations of individuals are more genetically compatible with one another, for instance because they are not close relatives. We will address these questions by comparing the reproductive success of pairs of wild crickets and examining how they differ genetically from one another. This will also allow us to look for evidence of genes that can persist in populations even though they reduce the fitness of one sex, because they increase the fitness of the other sex, something that has been demonstrated in the lab, but little studied in the wild. We will use the comprehensive data we have on the life histories of all the crickets in our population to investigate the question of whether short lived animals such as crickets actually die of old age, or whether they just keep going until something kills them. There are very few studies of the lives of wild invertebrates so even major questions like this remain to be answered.

昆虫构成了动物生物多样性的绝大多数，并在实验室中进行了深入研究，为进化如何运作提供了许多见解。然而，现在我们在实验室中对进化生物学的了解与我们对自然界中事物如何运作的了解之间存在严重的不平衡。这种差异是一个令人担忧的原因有两个：首先，实验室的情况可能会产生误导，因为它们消除了在野生种群中可能非常重要的选择来源;例如，在实验室中，唱得更大声的雄性蟋蟀可能会得到更多的配偶，但在野外，这是通过更有可能被鸟类吃掉来平衡的。其次，我们迫切需要提高我们对自然种群如何应对环境变化的理解，为此，我们需要研究昆虫和脊椎动物。四年前，我们开始在西班牙的一片草地上监测田野蟋蟀的数量。在过去的两年里，我们对种群进行了深入的研究，对每一个个体进行了标记，并使用96个摄像头的网络记录了他们的生活。每一个个体的繁殖成功率和代际关系的模式已经使用DNA指纹技术进行了估计。这已经提供了重要的见解，例如表明雄性在有多少后代方面比雌性差异更大，并且有很多配偶的雄性所表现出的特征与有很多后代的雄性所表现出的特征不同。在这个项目中，我们将大大提高我们的视频监控和我们的能力，以确定个人之间的关系（通过使用新的数码相机技术和新的SNP基因分型技术）。我们将联合收割机多年来关于整个人口的信息，个人如何相互关联，他们的生活史，行为和生殖成功。关于每个个体的全面信息将使我们能够解决我们的主要目标，即确定存在多少遗传变异，以及推动种群进化的自然选择和性选择是否在多年之间保持一致，或者它们是否变化很大。这很重要，因为如果在某些年份，某些类型的个体表现良好，而在其他年份，不同的性状更有利，这将有助于保持遗传变异。这种变化使种群能够适应环境变化，因此我们需要了解有多少以及如何维持。一个相关的目标是研究人口密度如何影响选择，这是我们只能用多年的数据来研究的。第二组目标涉及研究性选择的各个方面，这些方面在实验室中得到了很好的研究，但在野外却被忽视了。这些方法包括找出特定的雄性和雌性或特定的配偶对是否更容易成功，因为它们具有产生后代的基因，这些后代在本质上比其他一些配偶的后代更上级，或者因为某些个体组合在遗传上更相容，例如因为他们不是近亲。我们将通过比较成对野生蟋蟀的繁殖成功率来解决这些问题，并研究它们之间的遗传差异。这也将使我们能够寻找基因的证据，这些基因可以在种群中持续存在，即使它们降低了一种性别的适应性，因为它们增加了另一种性别的适应性，这已经在实验室中得到了证明，但在野外研究很少。我们将利用我们所拥有的关于我们种群中所有蟋蟀生活史的全面数据来调查像蟋蟀这样的短命动物是否真的死于老年，或者它们是否只是一直生存下去，直到有什么东西杀死它们。对野生无脊椎动物生活的研究很少，因此即使是这样的重大问题也有待回答。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Telomere length is highly heritable and independent of growth rate manipulated by temperature in field crickets

田间蟋蟀的端粒长度具有高度遗传性，并且与温度控制的生长速率无关

DOI：
10.1101/2020.05.29.123216
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Boonekamp J
通讯作者：
Boonekamp J

Comparing pre- and post-copulatory mate competition using social network analysis in wild crickets.

DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arv236
发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Fisher DN;Rodríguez-Muñoz R;Tregenza T
通讯作者：
Tregenza T

Dynamics of among-individual behavioral variation over adult lifespan in a wild insect.

DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arv048
发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Fisher DN;David M;Tregenza T;Rodríguez-Muñoz R
通讯作者：
Rodríguez-Muñoz R

Analysing animal social network dynamics: the potential of stochastic actor-oriented models.