Climate change and the Amazon: assessing the impact of climate on tree growth using tree ring widths and isotopes

气候变化和亚马逊：利用树木年轮宽度和同位素评估气候对树木生长的影响

• 批准号: NE/I021160/1
• 负责人: Roel Brienen
• 金额: $ 40.53万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI021160%2F1
• 关键词: Climate; change; Amazon; assessing; impact

The Amazon rainforest may be very vulnerable to climate change. If the earth warms as predicted, much of the Amazon rainforest could disappear by the end of the century, as tropical trees should be unable to cope with higher temperatures and frequent droughts in the future. Such a 'die-back' of the Amazon rainforest could be disastrous for global warming, as the vast stores of carbon contained in the Amazon would be emitted back into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases. This will speed-up global warming. Such a scenario is predicted by computer models that simulate responses of vegetation to climate. However, it is still very uncertain how sensitive rainforest trees are to changes in climate like increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, higher temperatures, and droughts. One way of getting insights into how trees will respond to future climate is by looking at how trees have responded to similar conditions in the past. An effective approach of doing this is by using tree rings, as they provide an historical archive of growth rates over their entire life (i.e., 200 years or more), which can be related to the climate conditions at the time of ring-formation. Therefore, I propose to use tree rings of tropical trees to assess how sensitive trees have been to changes in temperature, drought, solar radiation, and increases in atmospheric CO2-concentrations over the last century. I will measure ring widths and stable isotope concentrations in tree rings to analyse the responses of tree growth to climatic and atmospheric changes. Ring width measurements will give insight in growth responses, and carbon isotopes will help understand the underlying processes behind any growth responses by giving detailed information on photosynthesis and plant water use. For example, by studying long-term trends in growth rates and plant water use, I will be able to test whether increases in CO2 concentrations over the past century have indeed stimulated tropical tree growth, as has often been proposed. By linking year to year variation in growth rates to variation in droughts, temperature and solar radiation, I will determine the main climatic factors controlling tropical tree growth. My study will improve our understanding of sensitivity of tropical trees to predicted changes in climate and increasing atmospheric CO2 and allow a better assessment of the likelihood of the predicted disappearance of the Amazon rainforest over the next century.

亚马逊雨林可能非常容易受到气候变化的影响。如果地球如预期的那样温暖，那么到本世纪末，亚马逊雨林的大部分可能会消失，因为热带树应该无法应付更高的温度和未来的频繁干旱。亚马逊雨林的这种“背包”对于全球变暖可能是灾难性的，因为亚马逊中包含的大量碳将作为温室气体散发回气氛。这将加快全球变暖。通过模拟植被对气候的响应的计算机模型可以预测这种情况。但是，仍然不确定敏感的雨林树对气候变化的敏感性如何，例如增加大气二氧化碳浓度，更高的温度和干旱。通过查看树木过去对类似条件的反应，了解树木将如何应对未来气候的洞察力。这样做的一种有效的方法是使用树环，因为它们提供了一生中增长速度的历史档案（即200年或更长时间），这可能与环形形成时的气候条件有关。因此，我建议使用热带树的树环来评估上世纪敏感的树木对温度，干旱，太阳辐射的变化以及上个世纪大气二氧化碳浓度增加的敏感性。我将测量树环中的环宽度和稳定的同位素浓度，以分析树木生长对气候和大气变化的反应。环宽度测量值将为生长反应提供洞察力，碳同位素将通过提供有关光合作用和植物用水的详细信息来帮助了解任何增长反应背后的基本过程。例如，通过研究生长速率和植物用水的长期趋势，我将能够测试过去一个世纪中二氧化碳浓度的增加是否确实刺激了热带树的生长，正如经常提出的那样。通过将增长率的年变化与干旱，温度和太阳辐射的变化联系起来，我将确定控制热带树生长的主要气候因素。我的研究将提高我们对热带树木对预测气候变化和增加大气二氧化碳的敏感性的理解，并可以更好地评估下一世纪亚马逊雨林预测消失的可能性。

项目成果

Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees.

• DOI: 10.1111/ele.12252
• 发表时间: 2014-05
• 期刊: Ecology letters
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Baker TR;Pennington RT;Magallon S;Gloor E;Laurance WF;Alexiades M;Alvarez E;Araujo A;Arets EJ;Aymard G;de Oliveira AA;Amaral I;Arroyo L;Bonal D;Brienen RJ;Chave J;Dexter KG;Di Fiore A;Eler E;Feldpausch TR;Ferreira L;Lopez-Gonzalez G;van der Heijden G;Higuchi N;Honorio E;Huamantupa I;Killeen TJ;Laurance S;Leaño C;Lewis SL;Malhi Y;Marimon BS;Marimon Junior BH;Monteagudo Mendoza A;Neill D;Peñuela-Mora MC;Pitman N;Prieto A;Quesada CA;Ramírez F;Ramírez Angulo H;Rudas A;Ruschel AR;Salomão RP;de Andrade AS;Silva JN;Silveira M;Simon MF;Spironello W;ter Steege H;Terborgh J;Toledo M;Torres-Lezama A;Vasquez R;Vieira IC;Vilanova E;Vos VA;Phillips OL
• 通讯作者: Phillips OL

What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00778.x
• 发表时间: 2012-12-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Banin, L.;Feldpausch, T. R.;Lewis, S. L.
• 通讯作者: Lewis, S. L.

Contrasting controls on tree ring isotope variation for Amazon floodplain and terra firme trees.

亚马逊洪泛区和陆地树木年轮同位素变化的对比控制。

• DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz009
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Tree physiology
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Barçante Ladvocat Cintra B

Oxygen isotopes in tree rings show good coherence between species and sites in Bolivia

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.09.008
• 发表时间: 2015-10-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Baker, Jessica C. A.;Hunt, Sarah F. P.;Brienen, Roel J. W.
• 通讯作者: Brienen, Roel J. W.

Paired analysis of tree ring width and carbon isotopes indicates when controls on tropical tree growth change from light to water limitations.

• DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab142
• 发表时间: 2022-06-09
• 期刊: Tree physiology
• 影响因子: 4