The structure and dynamics of groundwater systems in northwestern India under past, present and future climates

过去、现在和未来气候下印度西北部地下水系统的结构和动态

• 批准号: NE/I022604/1
• 负责人: Sanjeev Gupta
• 金额: $ 26.91万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI022604%2F1
• 关键词: structure; dynamics; groundwater; systems; northwestern

India is the largest agricultural user of groundwater in the world. The last 40 years has seen a revolutionary shift from large-scale surface water management to widespread groundwater abstraction, particularly in the northwestern states of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. As a result of this, northwestern India is now a hotspot of groundwater depletion, with 'the largest rate of groundwater loss in any comparable-sized region on Earth' (Tiwari et al., 2009). This unsustainable use of groundwater becomes even more challenging when set increasing demands from a burgeoning population and industrialisation, together with potential but poorly understood effects of climate-driven changes in the water cycle. There are a number of innovative socio-economic strategies that can address this issue, including enhanced recharge and subsurface water storage, but their implementation and success depend on solid regional understanding of the geology and hydrogeology of the aquifer systems, and of the patterns and rates of groundwater flow and recharge. What we know about regional groundwater resources comes largely from either low-resolution studies based on satellite data, or from local investigations; there has been no large-scale, cross-state integrated study of the groundwater system. Groundwater in northwestern India is thought to be largely hosted within buried, sandy former river channels, which extend from the Himalayas toward the southwest and are separated by fine-grained muds. Only a few channels are visible at the surface; most are buried and their existence must be inferred. Our approach is founded on the premise that we must first understand the geology and geometry of the aquifer system before we can hope to estimate the way it will respond to a complex set of future stresses. This means that we must be able to describe the locations, sizes, and characteristics of these channels as well as their age and three-dimensional pattern. Once these characteristics are determined, we can forecast the likely future behaviour of the system. In this proposal, we will provide, for the first time, a regional assessment of the aquifer system in northwestern India, along with models for its evolution under changes in the water cycle and in the way in which groundwater is used. Our project will combine expertise in sedimentology, stratigraphy, sediment routing and basin evolution, hydrology, and isotope geochemistry to understand the geological framework of the aquifer system, the ages of the groundwaters within it, and the ways in which groundwater levels are likely to evolve over the next 50 years. The outcomes of the proposal will include (1) a comprehensive data base that covers the northwestern Indian aquifer system, (2) much better understanding of regional sources, ages, and flow rates of groundwater, and (3) a suite of predictions for how the groundwater system will respond to a range of different future scenarios.

印度是世界上最大的地下水农业用户。在过去的40年里，发生了从大规模地表水管理到广泛抽取地下水的革命性转变，特别是在西北的旁遮普邦、哈里亚纳邦和拉贾斯坦邦。因此，印度西北部现在是地下水枯竭的热点地区，“在地球上任何同等规模的地区中，地下水损失率最大”（Tiwari et al., 2009）。由于人口迅速增长和工业化的需求不断增加，再加上气候驱动的水循环变化可能产生但人们知之甚少的影响，这种对地下水的不可持续利用变得更具挑战性。有许多创新的社会经济战略可以解决这个问题，包括加强补给和地下蓄水，但其实施和成功取决于区域对含水层系统的地质和水文地质，以及地下水流动和补给的模式和速率的扎实理解。我们对区域地下水资源的了解主要来自基于卫星数据的低分辨率研究，或者来自当地调查；目前还没有对地下水系统进行大规模、跨州的综合研究。印度西北部的地下水被认为主要存在于埋藏的沙质河道中，这些河道从喜马拉雅山脉向西南延伸，被细粒泥浆隔开。在海面上只能看到几个沟渠；大多数都被埋葬了，必须推断它们的存在。我们的方法是建立在我们必须首先了解含水层系统的地质和几何形状的前提下，然后我们才能希望估计它对一系列复杂的未来压力的反应方式。这意味着我们必须能够描述这些通道的位置、大小和特征，以及它们的年龄和三维模式。一旦确定了这些特征，我们就可以预测系统未来可能的行为。在本提案中，我们将首次提供印度西北部含水层系统的区域评估，以及其在水循环变化和地下水使用方式变化下的演变模型。我们的项目将结合沉积学、地层学、沉积物路径和盆地演化、水文学和同位素地球化学方面的专业知识，以了解含水层系统的地质框架、其中地下水的年龄，以及未来50年地下水水位可能演变的方式。该提案的成果将包括：(1)覆盖印度西北部含水层系统的综合数据库；(2)更好地了解地下水的区域来源、年龄和流速；(3)对地下水系统如何应对一系列不同的未来情景的一套预测。

项目成果

Strongly heterogeneous patterns of groundwater depletion in Northwestern India

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126492
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrology
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: S. K. Joshi;Sanjeev Gupta;R. Sinha;A. Densmore;S. Rai;S. Shekhar;P. Mason;W. M. Dijk

Linking the morphology of fluvial fan systems to aquifer stratigraphy in the Sutlej-Yamuna plain of northwest India

将印度西北部萨特莱杰-亚穆纳平原河流扇系统的形态与含水层地层联系起来

• DOI: 10.1002/2015jf003720
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Earth Surface
• 作者: Van Dijk W

Post-monsoon air quality degradation across Northern India: assessing the impact of policy-related shifts in timing and amount of crop residue burnt

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aba714
• 发表时间: 2020-10-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Sembhi, H.;Wooster, M.;Khaiwal, R.
• 通讯作者: Khaiwal, R.

Counter-intuitive influence of Himalayan river morphodynamics on Indus Civilisation urban settlements.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01643-9
• 发表时间: 2017-11-28
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Singh A;Thomsen KJ;Sinha R;Buylaert JP;Carter A;Mark DF;Mason PJ;Densmore AL;Murray AS;Jain M;Paul D;Gupta S
• 通讯作者: Gupta S

Tracing groundwater recharge sources in the northwestern Indian alluvial aquifer using water isotopes (d18O, d2H and 3H)

使用水同位素（d18O、d2H 和 3H）追踪印度西北部冲积含水层的地下水补给源

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: []