Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa: Ecosystems, livestock/wildlife, health and wellbeing

非洲疾病的动态驱动因素：生态系统、牲畜/野生动物、健康和福祉

• 批准号: NE/J000507/2
• 负责人: Kate Jones
• 金额: $ 115.29万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ000507%2F2
• 关键词: Dynamic; Drivers; Disease; Africa; Ecosystems

Health is a critical aspect of human wellbeing, interacting with material and social relations to contribute to people's freedoms and choices. Especially in Africa, clusters of health and disease problems disproportionately affect poor people. Healthy ecosystems and healthy people go together, yet the precise relationships between these remain poorly understood. The Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium will provide a new theoretical conceptualisation, integrated systems analysis and evidence base around ecosystem-health-wellbeing interactions, linked to predictive models and scenarios, tools and methods, pathways to impact and capacity-building activities geared to operationalising a 'One Health' agenda in African settings.Ecosystems may improve human wellbeing through provisioning and disease regulating services; yet they can also generate ecosystem 'disservices' such as acting as a reservoir for new 'emerging' infectious disease from wildlife. Indeed 60% of emerging infectious diseases affecting humans originate from animals, both domestic and wild. These zoonoses have a huge potential impact on human societies across the world, affecting both current and future generations. Understanding the ecological, social and economic conditions for disease emergence and transmission represents one of the major challenges for humankind today.We hypothesise that disease regulation as an ecosystem service is affected by changes in biodiversity, climate and land use, with differential impacts on people's health and wellbeing. The Consortium will investigate this hypothesis in relation to four diseases, each affected in different ways by ecosystem change, different dependencies on wildlife and livestock hosts, with diverse impacts on people, their health and their livelihoods. The cases are Lassa fever in Sierra Leone, henipaviruses in Ghana, Rift Valley Fever in Kenya and trypanosomiasis in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Through the cases we will examine comparatively the processes of disease regulation through ecosystem services in diverse settings across Africa. The cases are located in a range of different Africa ecosystem types, from humid forest in Ghana through forest-savanna transition in Sierra Leone to wooded miombo savanna in Zambia and Zimbabwe and semi-arid savanna in Kenya. These cases enable a comparative exploration of a range of environmental change processes, due to contrasting ecosystem structure, function and dynamics, representative of some of the major ecosystem types in Africa. They also allow for a comparative investigation of key political-economic and social drivers of ecosystem change from agricultural expansion and commercialisation, wildlife conservation and use, settlement and urbanisation, mining and conflict, among others. Understanding the interactions between ecosystem change, disease regulation and human wellbeing is necessarily an interdisciplinary challenge. The Consortium brings together leading natural and social scientific experts in the study of environmental change and ecosystem services; socio-economic, poverty and wellbeing issues, and health and disease. It will work through new partnerships between research and policy/implementing agencies, to build new kinds of capacity and ensure sustained pathways to impact. In all five African countries, the teams involve environmental, social and health scientists, forged as a partnership between university-based researchers and government implementing/policy agencies. Supporting a series of cross-cutting themes, linked to integrated case study work, the Consortium also brings together the University of Edinburgh, the Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium and Institute of Zoology (supporting work on disease dynamics and drivers of change); ILRI (ecosystem, health and wellbeing contexts); the STEPS Centre, University of Sussex (politics and values), and the Stockholm Resilience Centre (institutions, policy and future scenarios).

健康是人类福祉的一个重要方面，它与物质和社会关系相互作用，促进人们的自由和选择。特别是在非洲，一连串的健康和疾病问题对穷人的影响不成比例。健康的生态系统和健康的人是相辅相成的，但它们之间的确切关系仍然知之甚少。非洲疾病的动态驱动因素联盟将围绕生态系统-健康-福祉的相互作用提供一个新的理论概念化、集成的系统分析和证据基础，与预测模型和情景、工具和方法、影响的路径和能力建设活动相联系，旨在在非洲环境中实施“一个健康”议程。生态系统可能通过供应和疾病调节服务改善人类福祉；但它们也可能产生生态系统“有害服务”，例如充当来自野生动物的新的“新出现的”传染病的宿主。事实上，影响人类的新出现的传染病有60%源自家畜和野生动物。这些人畜共患病对世界各地的人类社会产生了巨大的潜在影响，影响了当代和子孙后代。了解疾病发生和传播的生态、社会和经济条件是当今人类面临的主要挑战之一。我们假设，疾病调控作为一种生态系统服务，受到生物多样性、气候和土地利用变化的影响，对人们的健康和福祉有不同的影响。该联盟将针对四种疾病调查这一假设，每种疾病都以不同的方式受到生态系统变化、对野生动物和牲畜宿主的不同依赖，对人们、他们的健康和他们的生计产生不同的影响。这些病例包括塞拉利昂的拉沙热、加纳的埃尼帕病毒、肯尼亚的裂谷热以及赞比亚和津巴布韦的锥虫病。通过这些案例，我们将比较研究非洲不同环境下通过生态系统服务进行疾病监管的过程。这些病例分布在一系列不同的非洲生态系统类型中，从加纳的湿润森林到塞拉利昂的森林-稀树草原过渡到赞比亚和津巴布韦的树木茂密的Miombo稀树草原，以及肯尼亚的半干旱稀树草原。由于代表非洲一些主要生态系统类型的生态系统结构、功能和动态不同，这些案例使得能够对一系列环境变化过程进行比较探索。它们还允许对农业扩张和商业化、野生动物保护和利用、定居点和城市化、采矿和冲突等生态系统变化的关键政治、经济和社会驱动因素进行比较调查。理解生态系统变化、疾病调控和人类福祉之间的相互作用必然是一个跨学科的挑战。该联盟汇集了领先的自然科学和社会科学专家，研究环境变化和生态系统服务；社会经济、贫困和福祉问题，以及健康和疾病。它将通过研究和政策/执行机构之间的新伙伴关系开展工作，建设新的能力，并确保产生影响的持续途径。在所有五个非洲国家，这些团队包括环境、社会和卫生科学家，他们是大学研究人员和政府执行/政策机构之间的伙伴关系。该联盟支持与综合案例研究工作有关的一系列跨领域主题，还汇集了爱丁堡大学、剑桥传染病联合会和动物学研究所(支持疾病动力学和变化驱动因素方面的工作)；生态系统、健康和福祉背景；苏塞克斯大学STEPS中心(政治和价值观)和斯德哥尔摩复原力中心(机构、政策和未来情景)。

项目成果

Engaging research with policy and action: what are the challenges of responding to zoonotic disease in Africa?

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0172
• 发表时间: 2017-07-19
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
• 作者: Bardosh KL;Scoones JC;Grace D;Kalema-Zikusoka G;Jones KE;de Balogh K;Waltner-Toews D;Bett B;Welburn SC;Mumford E;Dzingirai V
• 通讯作者: Dzingirai V

The Relative Role of Climate Variation and Control Interventions on Malaria Elimination Efforts in El Oro, Ecuador: A Modeling Study

• DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00135
• 发表时间: 2020-08-27
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Fletcher, Isabel K.;Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M.;Lowe, Rachel
• 通讯作者: Lowe, Rachel

The effect of environmental degradation and land use change on malaria re-emergence in south Venezuela: a spatiotemporal modelling study

环境退化和土地利用变化对委内瑞拉南部疟疾重新出现的影响：时空模型研究

• DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00097-8
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Lancet Planetary Health
• 作者: Fletcher I

Quantifying trends in disease impact to produce a consistent and reproducible definition of an emerging infectious disease.

量化疾病影响的趋势，以产生新兴传染病的一致且可重复的定义。

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069951
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Funk S;Bogich TL;Jones KE;Kilpatrick AM;Daszak P
• 通讯作者: Daszak P

Synergies between environmental degradation and climate variation on malaria re-emergence in southern Venezuela: a spatiotemporal modelling study.

• DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00192-9
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
• 影响因子: 25.7
• 作者: Fletcher, Isabel K.;Griliet, Maria Eugenia;Moreno, Jorge E.;Drakeley, Chris;Hernandez-Viliena, Juan;Jorres, Kate E.;Lowe, Rachel
• 通讯作者: Lowe, Rachel