Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa: Ecosystems, livestock/wildlife, health and wellbeing

非洲疾病的动态驱动因素：生态系统、牲畜/野生动物、健康和福祉

• 批准号: NE/J001570/1
• 负责人: Melissa Leach
• 金额: $ 131.06万
• 依托单位: Institute of Development Studies
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ001570%2F1
• 关键词: Dynamic; Drivers; Disease; Africa; Ecosystems

Health is a critical aspect of human wellbeing, interacting with material and social relations to contribute to people's freedoms and choices. Especially in Africa, clusters of health and disease problems disproportionately affect poor people. Healthy ecosystems and healthy people go together, yet the precise relationships between these remain poorly understood. The Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium will provide a new theoretical conceptualisation, integrated systems analysis and evidence base around ecosystem-health-wellbeing interactions, linked to predictive models and scenarios, tools and methods, pathways to impact and capacity-building activities geared to operationalising a 'One Health' agenda in African settings.Ecosystems may improve human wellbeing through provisioning and disease regulating services; yet they can also generate ecosystem 'disservices' such as acting as a reservoir for new 'emerging' infectious disease from wildlife. Indeed 60% of emerging infectious diseases affecting humans originate from animals, both domestic and wild. These zoonoses have a huge potential impact on human societies across the world, affecting both current and future generations. Understanding the ecological, social and economic conditions for disease emergence and transmission represents one of the major challenges for humankind today.We hypothesise that disease regulation as an ecosystem service is affected by changes in biodiversity, climate and land use, with differential impacts on people's health and wellbeing. The Consortium will investigate this hypothesis in relation to four diseases, each affected in different ways by ecosystem change, different dependencies on wildlife and livestock hosts, with diverse impacts on people, their health and their livelihoods. The cases are Lassa fever in Sierra Leone, henipaviruses in Ghana, Rift Valley Fever in Kenya and trypanosomiasis in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Through the cases we will examine comparatively the processes of disease regulation through ecosystem services in diverse settings across Africa. The cases are located in a range of different Africa ecosystem types, from humid forest in Ghana through forest-savanna transition in Sierra Leone to wooded miombo savanna in Zambia and Zimbabwe and semi-arid savanna in Kenya. These cases enable a comparative exploration of a range of environmental change processes, due to contrasting ecosystem structure, function and dynamics, representative of some of the major ecosystem types in Africa. They also allow for a comparative investigation of key political-economic and social drivers of ecosystem change from agricultural expansion and commercialisation, wildlife conservation and use, settlement and urbanisation, mining and conflict, among others. Understanding the interactions between ecosystem change, disease regulation and human wellbeing is necessarily an interdisciplinary challenge. The Consortium brings together leading natural and social scientific experts in the study of environmental change and ecosystem services; socio-economic, poverty and wellbeing issues, and health and disease. It will work through new partnerships between research and policy/implementing agencies, to build new kinds of capacity and ensure sustained pathways to impact. In all five African countries, the teams involve environmental, social and health scientists, forged as a partnership between university-based researchers and government implementing/policy agencies. Supporting a series of cross-cutting themes, linked to integrated case study work, the Consortium also brings together the University of Edinburgh, the Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium and Institute of Zoology (supporting work on disease dynamics and drivers of change); ILRI (ecosystem, health and wellbeing contexts); the STEPS Centre, University of Sussex (politics and values), and the Stockholm Resilience Centre (institutions, policy and future scenarios).

健康是人类福祉的关键方面，与物质和社会关系互动以促进人们的自由和选择。特别是在非洲，健康和疾病问题的群体对穷人产生了不成比例的影响。健康的生态系统和健康的人在一起，但是这些生态系统和健康的人之间的确切关系仍然很少理解。非洲财团中疾病的动态驱动因素将提供一种新的理论概念化，综合系统分析和围绕生态系统健康相互作用的证据，与预测模型和场景，工具和方法，影响和能力建设活动的途径相关联，可在非洲疾病中进行``一个健康''的疾病，可以改善人类的疾病。然而，它们还可以产生生态系统“不受益受”，例如充当野生动植物的新“新兴”感染性疾病的储层。实际上，影响人类的新兴传染病中有60％源自家族和野生动物。这些人畜共患病对全世界的人类社会产生巨大的潜在影响，影响了当代和后代。了解疾病出现和传播的生态，社会和经济状况是当今人类面临的主要挑战之一。我们假设，作为生态系统服务的疾病调节受到生物多样性，气候和土地使用的变化的影响，对人们的健康和福祉产生了不同的影响。该财团将研究与四种疾病有关的这一假设，每种疾病都会因生态系统变化而以不同的方式影响，对野生动植物和牲畜宿主的不同依赖性，对人，他们的健康和生计产生了不同的影响。这些病例是塞拉利昂的Lassa热，加纳的Henipavirus，肯尼亚的Rift Valley发烧以及赞比亚和津巴布韦的锥虫病。在此情况下，我们将在非洲各种环境中通过生态系统服务进行相对的疾病调节过程。这些案例位于一系列不同的非洲生态系统类型中，从加纳的湿森林到塞拉利昂的森林 - 萨瓦纳过渡到赞比亚的林木林博大草原，津巴布韦和肯尼亚的半干旱稀树草原。这些案例可以比较探索一系列环境变化过程，这是由于生态系统结构，功能和动态的对比，这是非洲一些主要生态系统类型的代表。它们还允许对生态系统的关键政治经济和社会驱动因素进行比较调查，从农业扩张和商业化，野生动植物保护和使用，定居和城市化，采矿和冲突等。了解生态系统变化，疾病调节和人类福祉之间的相互作用必然是跨学科的挑战。该财团汇集了领先的自然和社会科学专家在环境变化和生态系统服务研究方面；社会经济，贫困和福祉问题以及健康与疾病。它将通过研究与政策/实施机构之间的新合作伙伴关系，以建立新的能力并确保持续的影响途径。在所有五个非洲国家中，团队都涉及环境，社会和健康科学家，作为大学研究人员与政府实施/政策机构之间的伙伴关系。该财团支持一系列与综合案例研究工作有关的跨切割主题，还汇集了爱丁堡大学，剑桥传染病财团和动物学研究所（支持有关疾病动态和变化驱动因素的工作）； ILRI（生态系统，健康和福祉环境）；步骤中心，苏塞克斯大学（政治与价值观）以及斯德哥尔摩弹性中心（机构，政策和未来情景）。

项目成果

Why Some Ebola-Ravaged Villages Are Resistant To International Aid

为什么一些遭受埃博拉病毒肆虐的村庄拒绝国际援助

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Almendrala, A.

Exploring the effect of human and animal population growth on vector-borne disease transmission with an agent-based model of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis in eastern province, Zambia.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006905
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: PLoS neglected tropical diseases
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Alderton S;Macleod ET;Anderson NE;Machila N;Simuunza M;Welburn SC;Atkinson PM
• 通讯作者: Atkinson PM

Sleeping sickness and its relationship with development and biodiversity conservation in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia.

• DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0827-0
• 发表时间: 2015-04-15
• 期刊: Parasites & vectors
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Anderson NE;Mubanga J;Machila N;Atkinson PM;Dzingirai V;Welburn SC
• 通讯作者: Welburn SC

An SDG focus and implications for One Health research

可持续发展目标的重点以及对“同一个健康”研究的影响

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Abba S

An agent-based model of tsetse fly response to seasonal climatic drivers: Assessing the impact on sleeping sickness transmission rates.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006188
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: PLoS neglected tropical diseases
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Alderton S;Macleod ET;Anderson NE;Palmer G;Machila N;Simuunza M;Welburn SC;Atkinson PM
• 通讯作者: Atkinson PM