Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa: Interactions of livestock/wildlife, poverty and environmental change

在非洲的许多环境中，通过牲畜或野生动物传播的疾病对人们的生命和生计造成重大损失。东非干旱草原地区通过牛传播的裂谷热;南部非洲林地地区通过采采蝇传播的锥虫病;西非森林中的老鼠传播的拉沙热或蝙蝠传播的亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒引起的脑炎，往往会带来疾病，死亡或进一步恶化已经贫困和患有多种其他健康问题的人。虽然环境变化影响到这种人畜共患病的分布和传播，但对于环境变化、人畜共患病和贫穷的螺旋式下降如何、为何、在何处和为谁出现，以及所涉的临界点和引爆点，却没有什么系统的了解。该伙伴关系和项目发展赠款将建立非洲-欧洲疾病动态驱动因素联盟（DDDAC），旨在对非洲环境中的疾病动态驱动因素及其与一系列生态系统服务以及贫困和福祉方面的相互关系产生新的系统性理解。联合会将制定和应用一个综合系统框架，将环境、生物、社会、政治以及人类和动物健康科学的观点融为一体。通过测绘和详细的实地研究相结合，我们将建立一个多层次的分析“地区和人的风险”，与不同的妇女和男子，青年和老年人，以及不同职业的人的本地化经验区域和国家的模式。在这一过程中，我们将开发和应用新的系统分析、绘图和参与性生态流行病学方法，并培养一系列研究人员和用户跨学科、跨问题和跨非洲环境开展工作的能力。通过这种方法，我们将确定、促进和宣传干预点和政策方法，以减轻负面的环境-疾病动态，并帮助非洲农村地区人民建立复原力和适应能力。通过这种方式，联合会将提供急需的证据基础和一套切实可行的方法，以促进可持续减贫的方式实施“同一个世界，同一个健康”议程。

In many environments in Africa, diseases that are transmitted through livestock or wildlife take a major toll on people's lives and livelihoods. Diseases such as Rift Valley Fever transmitted via cattle in dryland savanna areas of East Africa; trypanosomiasis transmitted via the tsetse fly in woodland areas of southern Africa; Lassa fever transmitted by rats in West Africa's forests or Hendra and Nipah viruses transmitted by bats and causing encephalitis, often bring illness, death or further impoverishment to people who are already poor and suffering from a multiplicity of other health problems. While environmental change affects the distribution and transmission of such zoonotic diseases, there is little systematic understanding of how, why, where and for whom downward spirals of environmental change, zoonotic disease and poverty emerge, and the thresholds and tipping points at stake. This Partnership and Project Development Grant will build an African-European Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium - the DDDAC - positioned to generate new, systematic understandings of the dynamic drivers of disease in African settings, and their interrelationships with a range of ecosystem services and dimensions of poverty and wellbeing. The Consortium will develop and apply a holistic systems framework that integrates perspectives from environmental, biological, social, political and human and animal health sciences. Through a combination of mapping and detailed field studies, we will build a multi-layered analysis of 'regions and people at risk', relating the localised experiences of different women and men, youth and elders, and people of different occupations to regional and national patterns. In the process, we will develop and apply new methodologies for systems analysis, mapping, and participatory eco-epidemiology, and develop the capacity of a range of researchers and users to work across disciplines, issues and African settings. Through this approach, we will identify, promote and communicate intervention points and policy approaches to mitigate negative environment-disease dynamics and help build resilience and adaptive capacity amongst people living in rural African settings. In this way, the Consortium will provide a much-needed evidence base and set of practical approaches to operationalise the 'One World, One Health' agenda, in ways that also promote sustainable poverty reduction.