Smash Contrast-Enhanced 3D MR Angiography

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：对比度增强 三维磁共振血管造影（3DMRA）被证明是一种 X 射线血管造影的有用诊断辅助手段。然而，空间分辨率是 目前不如 X 射线血管造影，这是原因之一 为什么 MRA 尚未普遍取代 X 射线血管造影。 申请人最近开发了一种用于增加空间和/或 时间分辨率而不增加梯度需求。该方法称为 SMASH（空间谐波同时采集）并基于获得 也可以通过传统的相位编码同时获取空间信息 如通过对来自射频线圈元件的信号进行独立采样 多线圈阵列。该方法允许加速数据采集 率的倍数与多线圈阵列中的元素数量一样大。 申请人建议在CE-3DMRA中开发和测试SMASH技术 两个临床上重要的血管系统：颅外颈动脉和肾动脉 动脉。他们打算获得至少四倍，甚至可能高达 数据采集速率加快八倍。加速度将 允许空间或时间分辨率的相应改进。的 该提案的具体目标是： 1. 开发适合的多线圈阵列 颅外颈动脉和肾动脉成像。 2. 评估SMASH CE-3DMRA 使用 ameroid 封堵器肾动脉狭窄猪模型。 3. 在 患者，使用 X 射线血管造影作为相关金标准： 通过提高 CE-3DMRA 的空间分辨率来确定 SMAS 是否存在 颅外颈动脉，提高测量的准确性 与传统的 CE-#DMRA 相比，狭窄程度更高。 B) 确定 SMASH 是否可以 用于减少肾动脉 CE-3DMRA 的扫描时间，同时 与传统 CE-3DMRA 相比保持相同的图像质量，或 或者，通过提高肾脏的空间分辨率来查看 SMASH 动脉CE-3DMRA，与相比提高了狭窄测量的准确性 常规CE-3DMRA。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (3DMRA) is proving to be a useful diagnostic adjunct to x-ray angiography. However, spatial resolution is currently inferior to that afforded by x-ray angiography, which is one reason why MRA has not generally replaced x-ray angiography. The applicants have recently developed a method for increasing spatial and/or temporal resolution without increasing gradient demands. The method is called SMASH (SiMultaneous Acquisition of Spatial harmonics) and is based on obtaining spatial information simultaneously through traditional phase encoding as well as by independent sampling of signals from the radiofrequency coil elements in a multicoil array. The methodology permits an acceleration in data acquisition rate by a factor as large as the number of elements in the multicoil array. The applicants propose to develop and test the SMASH technique for CE-3DMRA in two clinically vital vascular systems: the extracranial carotid and renal arteries. They intend to obtain at least a four-fold, and potentially up to an eight-fold acceleration of the data acquisition rate. The acceleration will allow corresponding improvements in spatial or temporal resolution. The specific aims of this proposal are: 1. To develop multicoil arrays suitable for imaging of the extracranial carotid and renal arteries. 2. To evaluate SMASH CE-3DMRA using an ameroid-occluder pig model of renal artery stenosis. 3. In patients, using x-ray angiography as the correlative gold standard: a) To determine if SMAS, by improving spatial resolution of CE-3DMRA of the extracranial carotid arteries, enhances the accuracy of measurements of stenoses compared with conventional CE-#DMRA. B) To determine if SMASH can be used to reduce the scan time for CE-3DMRA of the renal arteries, while maintaining equal image quality compared with conventional CE-3DMRA, or alternatively, to see of SMASH, by improving the spatial resolution of renal artery CE-3DMRA, enhance the accuracy of measurements of stenoses compared with conventional CE-3DMRA.