ISTAR-D - The contribution to sea-level rise of the Amundsen Sea sector of Antarctica

该建议将通过利用2012/3年和2013/4年国际标准和合成孔径雷达-D型探测器对松岛盆地进行的累积、密度和固体地球运动的地表观测，以及2013年至2016年更广泛的BAS后勤工作，解决卫星高度计、合成孔径雷达和重力对阿蒙森扇形冰流质量不平衡的估计之间的差异。本提案的目标是：1.在沿松岛盆地850 km导线沿着约10个地点的深层岩芯中，确定年际、十年和~ 50年的平均累积。2.利用沿导线沿着约50个地点的浅入孔，确定过去约15年内累积和近地表密度的年度波动。3.沿导线沿着插入使用表面拖曳累积雷达测量的累积的空间变化，以及使用机载雷达测量的累积和近表面密度的年度波动。4.在松岛盆地内部的3个冰原岛峰地点确定固体地球的运动和千年尺度的冰盖海拔历史。使用年代际波动测量和更复杂的致密化模型，评估累积和致密化预测模型的准确性，并使用组合来最好地估计过去约20年阿蒙森海扇区及以外地区的累积和密度波动。6.使用南极西部冰史模型，根据暴露日期，与其他观测，以最好地估计阿蒙森海扇区的固体地球运动，并使用地壳运动的测量来测试这一点。确定累积和密度波动以及固体地球运动对测高卫星和重力卫星对阿蒙森扇区质量平衡的估计的贡献，并根据新的累积和测量结果重新评估基于合成孔径雷达的质量平衡估计。对阿蒙森扇形盆地的质量平衡及其随时间的变化作出最佳估计，这些目标直接符合《国际科学技术研究进展计划-D机会公告》的目标，因为它们将导致确定该区域质量不平衡的空间和时间变异性，并除其他外，量化与卫星估计有关的不确定性。更广泛地说，他们回答了NERC极地战略的优先事项，“冰盖和海平面上升”，以及NERC气候和地球系统科学主题的挑战。

This proposal will resolve the differences between satellite altimeter, SAR and gravity estimates of the mass imbalance of the Amundsen sector ice streams, through exploiting surface observations of accumulation, density and solid Earth motion made on the ISAR-D traverses in 2012/3 and 2013/4 of the Pine Island basin, and the wider BAS logistics from 2013 to 2016. In particular, it will:The objectives of this proposal are:1. Determine, at deep cores at some 10 sites along an 850 km traverse throughout the Pine Island Basin, the inter-annual, decadal, and ~ 50 year average accumulation. 2. Determine, using shallow access holes at some 50 sites along the traverse, the annual fluctuations of accumulation and near surface density over the past ~ 15 years. 3. Interpolate along the traverse the spatial variation in accumulation using surface-dragged accumulation radar measurements, and the annual fluctuations of accumulation and near surface density, using airborne radar measurements. 4. Determine the motion of the solid Earth, and millennial-scale ice sheet elevation history, at 3 nunatak sites in the interior of the Pine Island Basin.5. Evaluate the accuracy of accumulation and densification forecast models using the inter-decadal, fluctuation measurements, and more sophisticated densification models, and use the combination to best estimate the fluctuations of accumulation and density over the past ~ 20 years in the Amundsen Sea sector and beyond. 6. Use a West Antarctic ice history model, based on exposure dates, with other observations, to best estimate the solid Earth motion of the Amundsen sea-sector, and use the measurements of crustal motion to test this.7. Determine the contributions of accumulation and density fluctuations, and solid Earth motion, to altimetric and gravity satellite estimates of the mass balance of the Amundsen sector, and reassess the SAR-based estimates of mass balance in the light of the new accumulation and measurements.8. Best estimate the mass balance, and its change in time, of the Amundsen sector basins.These objectives answer directly to the objectives of the ISTAR-D Announcement of Opportunity, in that they will result in the determination of the spatial and temporal variability of the regions mass imbalance, and, inter alia, quantify the uncertainties associated with the satellite estimates. More widely, they answer to an identified priority of the NERC Polar Strategy, "Ice sheets and Sea Level Rise", and to challenges of the NERC Climate and Earth System Science themes.