Understanding and supporting sustained pathways out of extreme poverty and deprivation

理解并支持摆脱极端贫困和匮乏的可持续途径

• 批准号: ES/M009351/1
• 负责人: Andrew Shepherd
• 金额: $ 58.57万
• 依托单位: Overseas Development Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FM009351%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; supporting; sustained; pathways; out

'Getting to Zero' extreme poverty involves ensuring that the policies, institutions and politics are right for the poorest people to escape poverty. As the reduction in the global number of people in poverty illustrates, there are widespread stories of success. We know much about how, and why, some households escape poverty and others do not. We know less, though, about what happens to those individuals and households after they escape poverty, and why some are able to stay on an upward trajectory well away from the poverty line, while others escape poverty only to be thrust back again into it after a few years or less.This research addresses the first two of the overarching call questions. The first is: 'what factors shape pathways into and out of poverty and people's experience of these, and how can policy create sustained routes out of extreme poverty in ways that can be replicated and scaled up?' The second: 'what political and institutional conditions are associated with effective poverty reduction and development, and what can domestic and external actors do to promote these conditions?' In particular, this proposed research concentrates on achieving a better understanding of how escapes from extreme poverty and deprivation can be sustained over time, since this is a poorly understood aspect of poverty dynamics. It does so combining the analysis of quantitative data with a time dimension (panel surveys) with the collection of life histories and face-to-face interviews and groups discussions with policy makers and key informants at the local level. Combining these diverse methods, the research is able to:i) investigate the individual and household factors that, for different groups of the population, enable sustained escapes from extreme poverty and deprivation;ii) identify how these routes for sustained pathways out of poverty are influenced by the broader social, political and economic environment in which people live, in particular the institutions which they have access to and the types of relationships which they enjoy;iii) inform policy makers on the policies that can help individuals and households to escape poverty and remain out of it;iv) improve policy makers', researchers' and NGO's capacity to design, implement and lobby for policies that enable people to escape poverty, help them stay on an upward trajectory out of poverty and prevent their impoverishment.The geographical focus of the research is on three East African countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda and Tanzania) characterised by high poverty levels. These three countries have experienced significant political and institutional changes in the last decade which have led to varied outcomes in terms of policies. The research will compare the experience of these three countries in order to identify in each the successful policies and programmes and the political and institutional pre-conditions for their implementation, while also creating evidence of how these policies may be scaled-up and exported in other countries.The research is led by the Chronic Poverty Advisory Network (based at the Overseas Development Institute) in partnership with three East African research bodies (one in each of the countries involved) and sees the involvement of UK-based and African-based senior and junior researchers. Most of the research activities will be conducted in Tanzania, Rwanda and Ethiopia: these include the collection of qualitative data on the field through life history interviews and groups meetings with policy makers, as well as activities for the dissemination of the findings of the project. Part of the data analysis and the writing up of the research findings will be done in UK, so as dissemination events targeted at the UK academic community and UK-based donors, NGOs, practitioners and policy makers.

“实现零极端贫困”涉及确保政策、机构和政治对最贫困的人摆脱贫困是正确的。正如全球贫困人口减少所表明的那样，有许多成功的故事。我们非常了解一些家庭如何以及为什么摆脱贫困，而另一些家庭却没有。然而，我们对这些个人和家庭在摆脱贫困后的情况知之甚少，以及为什么有些人能够保持在远离贫困线的上升轨道上，而另一些人在几年或更短的时间内摆脱贫困后却再次陷入贫困。第一个是：“哪些因素决定了进入和摆脱贫困的道路以及人们在这方面的经历，政策如何以可复制和扩大的方式创造摆脱极端贫困的可持续道路？第二个：“与有效减贫和发展相关的政治和体制条件是什么，国内外行动者可以做些什么来促进这些条件？“特别是，这项拟议的研究集中在更好地了解如何摆脱极端贫困和剥夺可以随着时间的推移而持续，因为这是贫困动态的一个鲜为人知的方面。这样做的方法是，将定量数据分析与时间维度（小组调查）结合起来，收集生活史，与地方一级的决策者和主要信息提供者进行面对面的访谈和小组讨论。结合这些不同的方法，研究能够：㈠调查不同人口群体能够持续摆脱极端贫困和匮乏的个人和家庭因素; ㈡确定这些持续摆脱贫困的途径如何受到人们生活的更广泛的社会、政治和经济环境的影响，特别是他们可以利用的机构和他们享有的关系类型; ㈢向决策者通报可帮助个人和家庭摆脱贫穷和不陷入贫穷的政策; ㈣提高决策者、研究人员和非政府组织设计、执行和游说使人民摆脱贫穷政策的能力，帮助他们走上摆脱贫困的上升轨道，防止他们陷入贫困。研究的地理重点是三个东非国家（埃塞俄比亚、卢旺达和坦桑尼亚）的特点是高度贫困。这三个国家在过去十年中经历了重大的政治和体制变革，导致了政策方面的不同结果。这项研究将比较这三个国家的经验，以确定每个国家成功的政策和方案以及执行这些政策和方案的政治和体制先决条件，同时也创造了这些政策如何在其他国家推广和出口的证据。这项研究由慢性贫困咨询网络领导（总部位于海外发展研究所）与三个东非研究机构（每个相关国家一个）合作，并有英国和非洲的高级和初级研究人员参与。大多数研究活动将在坦桑尼亚、卢旺达和埃塞俄比亚进行：其中包括通过生活史访谈和与决策者的小组会议收集实地的定性数据，以及传播项目调查结果的活动。部分数据分析和研究结果的撰写将在英国进行，以便针对英国学术界和英国捐助者，非政府组织，从业人员和政策制定者进行传播活动。

项目成果

Social capital as a double-edged sword for sustained poverty escapes in Ethiopia

社会资本是埃塞俄比亚持续脱贫的双刃剑

• DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105969
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: World Development
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Woldehanna T

Sustaining escapes from poverty

• DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105611
• 发表时间: 2022-02-03
• 期刊: WORLD DEVELOPMENT
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Diwakar, Vidya;Shepherd, Andrew
• 通讯作者: Shepherd, Andrew

Financial Crises, Poverty and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges in the Context of the SDGs and Covid-19 Recovery

金融危机、贫困和环境可持续性：可持续发展目标和 Covid-19 复苏背景下的挑战

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87417-9_9
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Shepherd A

A tale of triple disadvantages: Disability, chronic poverty and gender inequality in rural Bangladesh

三重劣势的故事：孟加拉国农村地区的残疾、长期贫困和性别不平等

• DOI: 10.1177/14680181221099839
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Global Social Policy
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Diwakar V

The Relationship Between Psychosocial Interventions and Child Wellbeing in Zambia.

赞比亚的社会心理干预与儿童健康之间的关系。

• DOI: 10.1007/s12187-022-09982-w
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Diwakar, Vidya;Lenhardt, Amanda;Tumusiime, Emmanuel;Simbaya, Joseph;Moonga, Arthur
• 通讯作者: Moonga, Arthur