RACISM, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND ALCOHOL USE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN AFRICAN AMERICANS

非裔美国人的种族主义、社会支持、饮酒和血压

• 批准号: 6345871
• 负责人: ELWOOD L ROBINSON
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: NORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6345871
• 关键词: African American; age difference; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavioral /social science research tag; blood pressure; clinical research; cooperative study; coping; disease /disorder proneness /risk; gender difference; human data; hypertension; mental health; prejudice; psychological models; psychological stressor; quality of life; social status; social support network; socioeconomics; statistics /biometry

Two of the leading threats to american health are high blood pressure and alcohol-abuse. It is well documented that high blood pressure is linearly related to higher rates of certain forms of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and the relationship between hypertension and mortality is especially strong for African Americans. Moreover, African Americans alcoholics may run a greater risk than white alcoholics for blood pressure elevations as their drinking careers lengthen. Stressors, or the problems and pressures of life, have long been suspected as culprits linked to both hypertension and alcohol abuse. Racism has been reported to prevail as a primary stressor facing African Americans today. Several studies have described the potentially damaging social, economic, and political consequences of racism and its negative effects on individual well-being (Jaynes & Williams, 1989; Katz & Taylor, 1988; Schuman, Steeth, & Bobo, 1985). Recent studies from epidemiological literature have suggested that exposure to chronic stress of racism, prejudice, and discrimination may contribute to the disproportionately high rates of hypertension among African Americans. Social support has been purported to exert a buffering effect in ameliorating or attenuating the deleterious effects of stress on physical and mental health . Many epidemiological studies suggest that social support is related to reduced morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular disease. However, most of these studies have focused on white populations in the United States, Western Europe, and Scandinavia. This study proposes to investigate racism/discrimination, social support, alcohol use, and blood pressure in subjects that were drawn from a random sample survey of household residents in Erie county, New York. Overall, three waves of data are available for both cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis. The specific aims are: (l) To examine the influence of racism on alcohol use and BP in African Americans; (2) To determine if social support buffers these relations and investigate the relation between social network measures and social support; and (3) To assess the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status on the above relations.

对美国人健康的两个主要威胁是高血压 压力和酗酒。有充分证据表明，高血压 压力与某些形式的较高速率呈线性相关 冠心病（CHD）和中风及其关系 对于非洲人来说，高血压和死亡率之间的关系尤其明显 美国人。此外，非裔美国人的酗酒者可能会遭受更大的打击。 与白人酗酒者相比，他们的血压升高的风险更大 饮酒生涯延长。 压力源或问题和压力 长期以来，人们一直怀疑与这两者有关的罪魁祸首 高血压和酗酒。据报道种族主义盛行 是当今非裔美国人面临的主要压力源。一些 研究描述了潜在的破坏性社会、经济、 种族主义的政治后果及其对人的负面影响 个人幸福感（Jaynes & Williams，1989；Katz & Taylor，1988； 舒曼、斯蒂思和波波，1985）。流行病学的最新研究 文献表明，长期承受种族主义压力， 偏见和歧视可能会导致 非洲人的高血压发病率异常高 美国人。社会支持据称可以发挥缓冲作用 改善或减弱有害影响的作用 对身心健康造成压力。许多流行病学研究 表明社会支持与降低发病率有关 死亡率，特别是心血管疾病的死亡率。然而，大多数 其中的研究重点关注美国的白人 美国、西欧和斯堪的纳维亚半岛。本研究提出 调查种族主义/歧视、社会支持、饮酒和 从随机样本中抽取受试者的血压 对纽约州伊利县家庭居民的调查。全面的， 横截面和横截面数据均提供三波数据 纵向数据分析。具体目标是： (l) 审查 种族主义对非裔美国人饮酒和血压的影响； (2) 确定社会支持是否缓冲这些关系以及 研究社交网络测量与社交之间的关系 支持; (3) 评估年龄、性别和 社会经济地位对上述关系的影响。