RACISM, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND ALCOHOL USE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN AFRICAN AMERICANS

对美国人健康的两大威胁是高血压 压力和酗酒。有充分的证据表明高血压病患者 压力与某些形式的压力的较高比率线性相关 冠心病与中风及其关系的研究进展 在非洲，高血压和死亡率之间的关系尤其强烈 美国人。此外，非裔美国人酗酒者可能会运行更大的 与白人酗酒者相比，他们的高血压风险更高 饮酒会延长职业生涯。压力源，或问题和压力 长期以来一直被怀疑是与这两个人有关的罪魁祸首 高血压和酗酒。据报道，种族主义盛行。 作为当今非裔美国人面临的主要压力源。几个 研究已经描述了潜在的破坏性社会、经济、 种族主义及其负面影响的政治后果 个人幸福感(Jaynes&Williams，1989；Katz&Taylor，1988； Schuman，Steeth和Bobo，1985)。流行病学的最新研究 文献表明，长期暴露在种族主义的压力下， 偏见和歧视可能会导致 非洲人高血压患病率高得不成比例 美国人。据称，社会支持起到了缓冲作用。 在改善或减轻……的有害影响方面的作用 对身心健康的压力。许多流行病学研究 表明社会支持与降低发病率和 死亡率，特别是心血管疾病。然而，大多数 这些研究的重点是美国的白人人口 美国、西欧和斯堪的纳维亚半岛。这项研究建议 调查种族主义/歧视、社会支持、酗酒和 随机抽样的受试者的血压 对纽约州伊利县家庭居民的调查。总的来说， 有三波数据可用于横截面和 纵向数据分析。具体目标是：(L)考查 种族主义对非裔美国人饮酒和血压的影响； (2)确定社会支持是否缓冲了这些关系和 调查社交网络指标和社交网络之间的关系 支持；以及(3)评估年龄、性别和 社会经济地位对上述关系的影响。

Two of the leading threats to american health are high blood pressure and alcohol-abuse. It is well documented that high blood pressure is linearly related to higher rates of certain forms of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and the relationship between hypertension and mortality is especially strong for African Americans. Moreover, African Americans alcoholics may run a greater risk than white alcoholics for blood pressure elevations as their drinking careers lengthen. Stressors, or the problems and pressures of life, have long been suspected as culprits linked to both hypertension and alcohol abuse. Racism has been reported to prevail as a primary stressor facing African Americans today. Several studies have described the potentially damaging social, economic, and political consequences of racism and its negative effects on individual well-being (Jaynes & Williams, 1989; Katz & Taylor, 1988; Schuman, Steeth, & Bobo, 1985). Recent studies from epidemiological literature have suggested that exposure to chronic stress of racism, prejudice, and discrimination may contribute to the disproportionately high rates of hypertension among African Americans. Social support has been purported to exert a buffering effect in ameliorating or attenuating the deleterious effects of stress on physical and mental health . Many epidemiological studies suggest that social support is related to reduced morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular disease. However, most of these studies have focused on white populations in the United States, Western Europe, and Scandinavia. This study proposes to investigate racism/discrimination, social support, alcohol use, and blood pressure in subjects that were drawn from a random sample survey of household residents in Erie county, New York. Overall, three waves of data are available for both cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis. The specific aims are: (l) To examine the influence of racism on alcohol use and BP in African Americans; (2) To determine if social support buffers these relations and investigate the relation between social network measures and social support; and (3) To assess the effects of age, gender, and socioeconomic status on the above relations.