The Multi-Scale Response of Water quality, Biodiversity and C Sequestration to Coupled Macronutrient Cycling from Source to Sea

水质、生物多样性和碳封存对从源头到海洋的耦合常量营养素循环的多尺度响应

• 批准号: NE/J011991/1
• 负责人: Bridget Emmett
• 金额: $ 197.13万
• 依托单位: NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ011991%2F1
• 关键词: Multi; Scale; Response; Water; quality

Catchment research has traditionally been focussed on the science and management of water flow and quality. In recent years, achieving good ecological status and compliance with the Water Framework Directive has been a priority. This has been challenging not least because the majority of rivers in the UK are heavily polluted with nitrogen, phosphorus, and a range of contaminants including pathogens and transfers of dissolved organic C from upland areas are increasing. These can be detrimental to the ecology of rivers and coastal waters, be a risk for human health and increases costs of the water industry. Following the publication of the National Ecosystem Assessment (2011) and the Government's White Paper on the Natural Environment (2011), catchment managers face an even greater challenge trying to ensure water resource objectives do not compromise delivery of other functions which deliver a range of regulating, provisioning or cultural services which we all benefit from. Underpinning delivery of these ecosystem services are basic ecosystem processes such as carbon fixation by plants and the return of carbon back to the atmosphere through decomposition (the carbon cycle), the cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus through plants, soil, water and the atmosphere and detoxification of a range of contaminants including pathogens. Much is known concerning the individual carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (C, N and P) and contaminant cycles, however the coupling of these cycles through the landscape and the subsequent impacts on the natural environment and the services provided are rarely studied. To respond to this gap in our current understanding we will address two research questions. The first is when, where and how do coupled macronutrient cycles (of C, N and P) affect the the functioning of the natural environment within and between landscape units at the catchment scale? The second is how will these coupled cycles alter under land use, air pollution, and climate-change and what will be the effect on water quality, carbon sequestration and biodiversity (three important ecosyststem services) at both catchment and national scale? To achieve this, we will quantify the fluxes, transformations and coupling of the C, N, and P cycles through key processes (net primary productivity, decomposition, nutrient cycling) and quantify the links to pathogen transfer and viability using a combination of targeted field-based monitoring and field- and laboratory-based experimentation in the Conwy catchment supplemented by measurements in intensively farmed areas of the Ribble. The following outcomes are expected:1. Quantification and improved process-understanding of coupled C, N and P processes, transformations and fluxes across soil functional types and within processing hotspots. 2. Quantification of the effects of instream ecosystem function and co-limitation of N/P on eutrophication development in freshwaters.3. Testing of hypotheses that terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity can be explained at the catchment- and national-scales as function of macronutrient flux and primary productivity.4. Source to sea flux quantification and process-understanding of the fate of pathogens and the controls exerted by macronutrients within very fine sediments (flocs). 5. An integrated, parsimonious coupled macronutrient (C, N, P) air-land-water modelling platform, configured for a 1 km grid across the Conwy (i.e. an enhanced JULES model).6. Sensitivity analysis of carbon sequestration, water quality and biodiversity to past and future climate, nutrient and land (forest) cover change to determine the key controls on past and future changes in carbon sequestration, water quality and biodiversity.7. Quantification of trade offs in delivery of carbon sequestration, water quality and biodiversity at the catchment scale and the relationship to land cover type and climate regime.

传统上，集水区的研究主要集中在水流和水质的科学和管理上。近年来，实现良好的生态状况和遵守《水框架指令》一直是一个优先事项。这是一个挑战，尤其是因为英国的大多数河流都被氮、磷和一系列污染物严重污染，包括病原体和从高地地区转移的溶解有机碳正在增加。这些可能对河流和沿海水域的生态有害，对人类健康构成风险，并增加水工业的成本。在《国家生态系统评估报告》（2011年）和《政府自然环境白皮书》（2011年）发布之后，集水区管理者面临着更大的挑战，他们试图确保水资源目标不会影响其他功能的实现，这些功能提供了一系列我们都受益的调节、供应或文化服务。提供这些生态系统服务的基础是基本的生态系统过程，如植物的碳固定和通过分解（碳循环）将碳返回大气，氮和磷等营养物质在植物、土壤、水和大气中的循环，以及包括病原体在内的一系列污染物的解毒。关于单个碳、氮、磷（C、N、P）和污染物循环，我们知道的很多，然而，这些循环通过景观的耦合以及随后对自然环境和提供的服务的影响却很少研究。为了回应我们目前理解中的这一差距，我们将解决两个研究问题。第一个问题是，在流域尺度上，碳、氮和磷的耦合宏量养分循环何时、何地以及如何影响景观单元内部和景观单元之间的自然环境功能？第二个问题是，在土地利用、空气污染和气候变化的影响下，这些耦合循环将如何变化？在流域和国家尺度上，对水质、碳封存和生物多样性（三种重要的生态系统服务）会产生什么影响？为了实现这一目标，我们将通过关键过程（净初级生产力、分解、养分循环）量化碳、氮和磷循环的通量、转化和耦合，并通过在康威流域进行有针对性的实地监测和实地和实验室试验相结合，辅以在里布尔集约化养殖地区的测量，量化与病原体转移和生存能力的联系。预期结果如下：在土壤功能类型和加工热点范围内，对C、N、P耦合过程、转化和通量进行量化和改进过程理解。2. 2 .河流生态系统功能与N/P共同限制对淡水富营养化发展影响的量化。3 .陆地和淡水生物多样性可以在流域和国家尺度上作为常量养分通量和初级生产力的功能来解释的假设的检验。来源到海洋通量的量化和病原体命运的过程理解以及极细沉积物（絮体）中宏量营养素的控制作用。5. 一个集成的，简约的耦合宏量营养素（C， N， P）空气-陆地-水模型平台，配置为横跨康威的1公里网格（即增强的JULES模型）。7.碳汇、水质和生物多样性对过去和未来气候、养分和土地（森林）覆盖变化的敏感性分析，以确定过去和未来碳汇、水质和生物多样性变化的关键控制因素。在集水区尺度上对碳固存、水质和生物多样性的权衡进行量化，以及与土地覆盖类型和气候制度的关系。

项目成果

Riparian research and legislation, are they working towards the same common goals? A UK case study

河岸研究和立法，他们是否朝着相同的共同目标努力？

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2018.01.023
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Environmental Science & Policy
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: De Sosa L

Variability in organic carbon reactivity across lake residence time and trophic gradients

• DOI: 10.1038/ngeo3051
• 发表时间: 2017-11-01
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Evans, Chris D.;Futter, Martyn N.;Kothawala, Dolly N.
• 通讯作者: Kothawala, Dolly N.

A novel biologically-based approach to evaluating soil phosphorus availability across complex landscapes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.05.016
• 发表时间: 2015-09-01
• 期刊: SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
• 影响因子: 9.7
• 作者: DeLuca, Thomas H.;Glanville, Helen C.;Jones, Davey L.
• 通讯作者: Jones, Davey L.

Quantifying the contribution of riparian soils to the provision of ecosystem services.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.179
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: L. L. Sosa-L.;H. Glanville;H. Glanville;M. Marshall;A. Williams;Davey L. Jones

Application of a simple multiplicative spatio-temporal stream water quality model to the river Conwy, North Wales.

简单乘法时空河流水质模型在北威尔士康威河中的应用。

• DOI: 10.1039/c3em00627a
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Environmental science. Processes & impacts
• 作者: Cooper DM