Location, Configuration, Distribution: the Role of Landscape Pattern and Diversity in Ecosystem Services

位置、配置、分布：景观格局和多样性在生态系统服务中的作用

• 批准号: NE/K015508/1
• 负责人: Bridget Emmett
• 金额: $ 13.33万
• 依托单位: NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK015508%2F1
• 关键词: Location; Configuration; Distribution; Role; Landscape

Biodiversity is defined in the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) as "diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems". Since the role of landscape is understudied in comparison with biodiversity measures based on species diversity (de Groot et al. 2010), in this study we explicitly examine the contribution of diversity of habitats and ecosystems and their location within the landscape to ecosystem service delivery, rather than diversity at the genetic, species or trait level. In particular, this project explores two issues relating to pattern in the landscape. 1. Diversity of habitats and ecosystem service provision.Much focus on ecosystem service upscaling relies on relationships between quantified services and specific land use classes or habitat types (e.g. Haines-Young & Potschin 2007), using habitats as a proxy for the unit of service delivery (Maskell et al. 2010). However, most UK landscapes comprise mosaics at varying scales of a range of habitat types, particularly for agricultural landscapes which cover 75% of the UK (NEA, 2011). The diversity of habitats, also termed landscape complexity, itself can alter ecosystem services. Landscape complexity can compensate for reduced species richness in delivery of services in agricultural landscapes (Tscharntke et al. 2005), while the options for sustainable management to have an effect are greatest in landscapes of intermediate complexity. In this project we will evaluate how landscape complexity, as measured by diversity of habitats within it governs ecosystem service provision.2. Spatial pattern in the landscape.Spatial arrangement affects the flow through the landscape of potential service supply to the users or beneficiaries (Villa et al. 2011). It also alters flows of material or processes in the landscape related to ecosystem functions. For example, the magnitude and timing of water movement have a spatial component vertically, via infiltration rates, and horizontal flows overland, in streams and in groundwater, all of which govern flood regulation (Vigerstol & Aukema 2011). Configuration of landscape features has three elements, the overall area of each feature, the physical distribution of features and their location within the landscape. In this project we will explore how the configuration of landscape components contributes to delivery of multiple ecosystem services.The overall aim of this project is to test the role of diversity of habitats and ecosystems, and their spatial configuration, at the landscape scale in the delivery of multiple ecosystem services.We ask the following questions, each of which forms a project objective, delivered by a task:1) How does diversity of ecosystems or habitats at the landscape scale affect delivery of ecosystem services?2) Does the spatial configuration, including size, pattern and location of habitats in the landscape affect delivery of ecosystem services?We will test three of new generation ecosystem service models which operate at the landscape scale and support temporal and spatial process modelling routines: ARIES (Bagstad et al. 2011), INVEST (Nelson et al. 2008) and LUCI (Jackson et al. In press). The three models treat organisation of the landscape in fundamentally different ways, and operate at different scales. Past comparisons of two of the models (InVEST and ARIES) have focused on water services (Vigerstol & Aukema 2011) whereas here we include a new model (LUCI), and use them as tools to test hypotheses about how landscape structure influences the delivery of multiple ecosystem services, with an emphasis on exploring trade-offs and interaction between services.We will exploit the data-rich Conwy catchment in N Wales established as one of the three Mancronutrient Cycles catchments where intensive biophysical data is being collected crossing domains and ecosystem processes which underpin selected biodiversity and regulating ecosystem services.

《生物多样性公约》将生物多样性定义为“物种内、物种间和生态系统的多样性”。与基于物种多样性的生物多样性措施相比，景观的作用研究不足（de Groot等人，2010年），因此在本研究中，我们明确研究了生境和生态系统的多样性及其在景观中的位置对生态系统服务提供的贡献，而不是遗传、物种或特征层面的多样性。特别是，这个项目探讨了两个问题有关的格局在景观。1.生境多样性和生态系统服务的提供：对生态系统服务升级的关注主要依赖于量化服务与特定土地使用类别或生境类型之间的关系（例如Haines-Young和Potschin，2007年），将生境用作服务提供单位的替代物（Maskell等人，2010年）。然而，大多数英国景观包括不同规模的一系列栖息地类型的马赛克，特别是覆盖英国75%的农业景观（NEA，2011）。生境的多样性，也称为景观复杂性，本身就可以改变生态系统服务。景观的复杂性可以弥补农业景观中提供服务时物种丰富度的减少（Tscharntke等人，2005年），而可持续管理的影响在中等复杂性的景观中最大。在这个项目中，我们将评估如何景观复杂性，作为衡量的多样性的栖息地在它支配生态系统服务的提供。景观中的空间格局。空间安排影响着潜在服务供应通过景观流向用户或受益者（Villa等人，2011年）。它还改变了景观中与生态系统功能有关的物质流动或过程。例如，水运动的幅度和时间具有垂直的空间分量，通过渗透率，以及陆地上，河流和地下水中的水平流动，所有这些都控制着洪水调节（Vigerstrike & Aukema 2011）。景观特征的配置有三个要素，即每个特征的总面积、特征的物理分布及其在景观中的位置。在本项目中，我们将探讨景观组成部分的配置如何有助于提供多种生态系统服务。本项目的总体目标是在景观尺度上测试生境和生态系统的多样性及其空间配置在提供多种生态系统服务中的作用。我们提出以下问题，每个问题构成一个项目目标，通过一项任务来实现：1）景观尺度上生态系统或生境的多样性如何影响生态系统服务的提供？2)景观中生境的空间配置，包括大小、格局和位置，是否影响生态系统服务的提供？我们将测试三个新一代生态系统服务模型，这些模型在景观尺度上运行并支持时空过程建模例程：ARIES（Bagstad et al. 2011），INVEST（纳尔逊et al. 2008）和LUCI（杰克逊et al. In press）。这三种模式以根本不同的方式对待景观的组织，并在不同的尺度上运作。两个模型的过去比较（投资和投资研究所和ARIES）的重点是水服务（Vigerovich & Aukema 2011）而在这里，我们包括一个新的模型（LUCI），并使用它们作为工具来测试关于景观结构如何影响多种生态系统服务的提供的假设，重点是探索服务之间的权衡和互动。我们将利用数据-位于北威尔士的丰富的康威集水区是三个主要营养元素循环集水区之一，正在收集跨领域和生态系统过程的大量生物物理数据，这些数据支持选定的生物多样性和调节生态系统服务。

项目成果

A novel biologically-based approach to evaluating soil phosphorus availability across complex landscapes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.05.016
• 发表时间: 2015-09-01
• 期刊: SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
• 影响因子: 9.7
• 作者: DeLuca, Thomas H.;Glanville, Helen C.;Jones, Davey L.
• 通讯作者: Jones, Davey L.

Environmental Virtual Observatory Pilot Final Report . Natural Environment Research Council (UK). NE/I002200/1.

环境虚拟观测站试点最终报告。

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Emmett B A

Can we model cultural ecosystem services, and are we measuring the right things?

• DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10271
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: People and Nature
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Laurence Jones;M. Boeri;M. Christie;I. Durance;K. Evans;D. Fletcher;Laura J Harrison;Anna Jorgensen;D. Masante;J. McGinlay;D. M. Paterson;R. Schmucki;C. Short;Natalie Small;Georgina E. Southon;T. Stojanovic;R. Waters

Sustained impact of drought on wet shrublands mediated by soil physical changes

• DOI: 10.1007/s10533-014-0059-y
• 发表时间: 2015-04
• 期刊: Biogeochemistry
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: M. Domínguez;A. Sowerby;Andrew R. Smith;D. Robinson;Susie Baarsel;R. Mills;M. Marshall;Eva K. Koller-E

Big Data in Ecology

生态学中的大数据

• DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-099970-8.00004-x
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Raffaelli D